The main research method is the auscultation of the heart

At the heart there is a series of sound phenomena, which were studied with the help of auscultation. Auscultation of the heart gives you the opportunity to get an idea of the processes occurring in the heart during its operation. In conducting this research must adhere to the rules that increase its efficiency:

heart be sure to listen in horizontal and vertical positions, sometimes on the left side.

- auscultation of the heart can be performed in normal breathing of the patient. If necessary, clarify some aspects of it listen and with breath;

- if a hearing is necessary to preserve the silence in the room should be warm;

- the valves are auscultated in order to reduce the frequency of their defeat.

Listening to the heart is the conventional method of listening with a stethoscope or phonendoscope. The use of these tools allows you to identify the sound effects from the different areas of the heart, which is especially important due to their close placement. Some sounds work of the heart is best heard in auscultation of the ear directly.

For the correct evaluation of the auscultatory pattern, you must know the areas of projection of heart valves and the areas they best listening. Perception of sounds generated in the heart depends on the location of the projection of the valves to conduct sound vibrations in the blood and location in the thorax the division of the heart in which are these fluctuations. This gives you the opportunity to find certain areas on the chest where it is better to listen to the sound effects. Areas best listening of the heart is called auscultation points.

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Auscultation of the heart – the point of listening

Listening to the heart is carried out in sequence followed for the correct evaluation of the obtained data. For this purpose, points of auscultation of the heart, i.e. the areas of the chest, where better to hear the sounds generated in a particular area of the heart.

The First point. First listened to the mitral valve. The auscultation is carried out in the first point, which is at the apex of the heart.

The Second point. Then listen to the work of the aortic valve-second intercostal space to the right of the sternum.

The Third point. Auscultation of pulmonary trunk valve carried in the second intercostal space left of the sternum.

The Fourth point. Listening to the work of the tricuspid valve are performing at the base mazeobraznye process of the sternum.

This is a basic four-point auscultation. There are many more that are used for updating data when detecting any changes.

Normal on the area of the heart auscultated two short, constantly alternating sound, which are called heart tones.

The First tone is produced during ventricular contraction, i.e. systole, and is therefore called the systolic. It is more long and low, appears after a long pause, better auscultated over the apex coincides with the arterial pulse.

The Second tone, called the diastolic, as occurs during relaxation of the heart - diastole. Diastolic tone is listened after a short pause, best heard over the heart, it is short and high sound.

The Pathological changes in the heart cause the heart sounds may change: increase, decrease, split in two, there are additional third and fourth tones. For example, in case of significant weakening of the contractile function of the myocardium, there is a third tone, and the heart is characterized by the rhythm of the canter, as it resembles the sound of horses.

Listening to the heart may reveal heart murmurs, which are formed between the tones of the heart during systole or diastole. Heart sounds are divided into intracardiac and extracardiac, functional and organic. They are soft and rough, quiet and loud. Well noises are heard in the points of auscultation of the heart.