Patellar dislocation: causes, symptoms, treatment, and rehabilitation

Dislocation of the patella is an abnormal condition in which the man is a displacement of the patella.

Joint Structure

So, given linkage is one of the most moving and loaded in the human body. It includes oval-shaped bone (patella) that covers the muscles and ligaments, protecting them from damage.

Her balance is provided by the ligaments of the quadriceps, own a bunch, as well as other muscles.

The Ligament of the patella and the bone itself plays an important role in the movement of the limb. These elements provide articulation of the quadriceps sufficient force to bend the legs. Any injury to this part of the knee is fraught with serious complications, as well as limitation.

Types of disease

Dislocation of the patella can be classified as:

1. Congenital. This type of pathology is extremely rare. The main reason this state is considered insufficient development of the tissues from which the joint.
2. Traumatic, or acquired. In this case, the damage results from a fall or direct blow. If the displacement of the patella occurs more than 1 times per year and is periodic, the dislocation in this case can be called habitual.

In addition, the pathology is acute and chronic. And classify the dislocation is possible in the direction of displacement of the bones:

• Rotary. The patella is displaced around its axis.
• Lateral. It appears due to a fall on a bent shank, or cob.
• Vertical. This type of injury is extremely rare. The bone is then shifted in a horizontal plane and enters the joint space.

And, you can share pathology on the degree of displacement of bone:

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1. Lightweight. In this case, the patient hardly feels the pain and the injury itself can be discovered only if medical examination, by accident.
2. Medium. Here the gait of the victim is already changing, it can often fall down.
3. Heavy. It is characterized by very severe pain and complete limitation of motion of the foot. The thigh muscles are greatly stretched, and the health of the person deteriorates.

Cause of disease

Dislocation of the patella can be triggered:

• Direct injury (side impact, a sharp turn).
• Defect in the structure of the joint.
• Too strong tension of the muscles.
• Physiological characteristics of the organism.
• Inflammatory degenerative disease of the knee.
• Surgery on the joint.
• Dysplasia condyles of the femur.
• A Drop.

In addition, the ligament of the patella may be well enough to perform their functions. These causes of patellar dislocation are fairly common. However, they can also be warn.

Symptoms pathology

Before you begin treatment, you need to understand how pathology is manifested. So, if the person had a patellar dislocation, the symptoms are as follows:

1. In the injured region there is a strong and sharp pain.
2. Occurs the deformation of the patella.
3. A Clear shift of the patella to side or up and down.
4. A Man cannot bend or straighten the knee, lean on the leg.
5. Discomfort gradually increase.
6. Swelling in the affected area.
7. Redness of the skin.
8. A Feeling of instability of the joint.
9. Increase in temperature in the affected joint.

If there is one or more of the symptoms, should immediately contact the doctor. Otherwise, the victim can expect serious complications. Also, do not independently reduce the patella, as you can make it even worse.

Diagnostics

Of Course, the patient must undergo a careful differential examination. The fact that it is necessary to distinguish between a dislocation and a fracture of the patella and to exclude other pathology. Diagnosis involves the use of the following methods:

• External examination of the patient, palpation of the damaged knee, and the fixing of complaints.
• X-ray. And it is necessary to do a comparative shot of both joints. X-rays done from several perspectives.
• MRI. The procedure allows to obtain the maximum clinical picture, which will give you the opportunity to assign an effective therapy.
• Arthroscopy. This procedure is diagnostic and therapeutic at the same time. It is used to study if other methods proved to be uninformative.

On the basis of the information received, the trauma surgeon or orthopedic surgeon paints the treatment regimen and rehabilitation of the patient.

Conservative treatment of dislocation

Immediately after the injury to the damaged area need to apply cold. This will help to calm internal bleeding (if any), relieve swelling and reduce pain. Of course, it is better to immobilize the limb and call a doctor or go to the emergency room.

Further action are as follows:

1. The Injured part of the leg should be numb. In this caseused the injection method of administration, as it provides a quick effect.
2. Patella should be carefully set to avoid damage to cartilage and not to increase the risk of complications.
3. Leg need to put a pressure bandage or plaster. The duration of application is 6 weeks.
4. Using gypsum should warm up the joints by using UHF.
5. After the dressing is removed, the specialist produces a control x-ray.
6. Then follows the period of the restoration of functionality of the joint.

Surgery

If the patient is present a fracture of the patella, or conservative therapy proved ineffective, apply the operation. The surgeon makes a puncture of the joint, removing accumulated inside the liquid. After the intervention the patient will have to undergo another course of recovery, the duration of which is not less than 9 weeks.

There are some types of surgical intervention:

1. Outdoor plastic medial ligament.
2. Arthroscopy.
3. Transposition of the distal attachment of the ligament.

Early and proper operation can eliminate hemarthrosis, damaged parts of the cartilage, suturing and fix the joint capsule. It should be noted that if the dislocation is accompanied by rupture of ligaments, make them impossible. To restore mobility of the joint use of artificial or donor tissue.

The Feasibility and need for surgical intervention is determined by a physician.

Rehabilitation after injury

The recovery Process should take place under the close supervision of a podiatrist. Rehabilitation includes the feasible load on the damaged joint, strengthen the muscles, massage and physiotherapy.

The Patient is selected individual complex of physical exercises, which will help to restore range of motion and functionality of the knee in full. Of course, should not be too hard to overload the joint, especially in the postoperative period. To exercise the muscles used exercises are flexion and extension of limbs. The angle should not be large.

During rehabilitation of the knee joint of the patient can use a special hold the tires, which will not allow the Cup to move again.

Prevention of disease and possible complications

To patellar dislocation did not happen, you need to follow these preventive measures:

• Every day you need to perform simple physical exercises that will help strengthen the muscles and ligaments that hold the kneecap.
• It is Better to avoid sudden movements and heavy loads on the joint.
• Genetic predisposition or deformation of the joint it is better to abandon dancing, skiing, jumping.

If a person has been diagnosed with a patellar dislocation, treatment is necessary to make mandatory. Otherwise the possible complications. For example, the patient begins to develop knee osteoarthritis. In addition, the dislocation may become habitual. That is, the kneecap will shift from even slight physical exertion. In this case, the treatment is somewhat complicated.

Another complication of the disease is degeneration of the ligaments and cartilage. Patient feels weakness in the muscles, which practically does not allow to move my leg.

In case of proper treatment and effective rehabilitation prognosis of the pathology is favorable. That is, the functionality of the joint is restored fully, However, the factors that can cause repeat displacement, it is better to avoid. Be healthy!