Arterial bleeding: first aid, rules of its rendering

Blood – the fluid acts in the human body for several important functions. It gives to your organs oxygen, nutrients, hormones and enzymes, helps to maintain constant body temperature, protects against infections, as antibodies. In violation of the integrity of any vessel, the blood is normally performs its function. It provokes serious changes in the body and threatens lives. One of the situations that can lead to similar consequences – arterial bleeding. First aid when it is needed.

A Bit about the bleeding and their types

Before considering arterial bleeding, is first to find the answer to the question of what kinds of violation of the integrity of blood vessels are. Depends on provided first aid. Bleeding is:

• Blood;
• Venous;
• Capillary.

When bleeding lost blood cells. The main danger of damage to the blood vessels is to reduce the volume of circulating in the body blood and hemodynamic disorders.

What is arterial bleeding, which is inherent characteristics?

Experts call arterial bleeding outlet the most important biological liquid of human organism through the damaged artery. They contain oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to other organs. Arterial bleeding mainly occur during serious injuries, because the artery is located deep in the tissues close to the bones.

It Has arterial bleeding signs and first aid should be provided after they have occurred:

• Blood is inherent in a bright scarlet hue;
• It spills out of the wound a fountain;
• Jet flows, pulsating in accordance with the beats of the heart;
• The rapid expansion of the pool of blood around the victim (on this basis determine arterial bleeding in cases when the victim can not see wounds).

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How to distinguish arterial blood from venous and capillary?

First aid for the capillary, venous, arterial bleeding is characterized. These types of vascular lesions of different signs:

• Venous bleeding biological liquid cherry hue flows evenly from the wound;
• Capillary, the blood flows evenly from the entire surface of the wound, as if penetrates those tissues that are damaged.

As in arterial bleeding the blood quickly flows out of the body, the probability of the development of shock and death high. To prevent this, the first signs begin to provide the injured man first aid.

General principles of first aid in injuries of the arteries

First aid for arterial bleeding is based on several principles:

1. Stop the bleeding and call the paramedics.
2. The Disinfection of wounds. To prevent the ingress of pathogenic microorganisms should be possible to work with clean hands. Need to treat the edges of the wound with alcohol, vodka, Cologne, lotion or other available remedy; apply before strapping on the damaged surface of the sterile material; to bandage the wound.
3. Fixation of the injured limb with a scarf or bus.
4. The Anesthesia. If the person has a serious injury, to prevent pain shock, it is recommended to use analgesics (dipyrone tablets, tramadol capsules, ice).
5. Safe transport to a medical facility, or waiting for the arrival of paramedics.

Stop arterial bleeding with harness

When you need first aid for arterial bleeding with a tourniquet, perform certain actions:

• Clamp off the damaged artery with your finger above the wound;
• Attach that area, hence the blood, the sublime position;
• Applied a tourniquet, and record the time it was made.

There are certain rules of working with the harness (you can instead use a thick rope, belt, solid piece of fabric). It is applied on clothing near the affected area (3–5 cm above the wound) and firmly knotted. In medical harness, there are special holes for fixing. With proper application, the limb becomes pale, and the pulse on it is not detectable.

Arterial bleeding first aid: the nuances of harness

A Tourniquet cannot long hold onto the damaged area. The maximum time of overlap in the warm season – 2 hours in the cold periods of the year – 1 hour. If the time limit expired safe tourniquet, loosen it every half hour for 5 minutes to ensure that the affected area is supplied with blood. To stop bleeding device unleash, but continue to observe the victim. If the biological fluid again begins to flow, a tourniquet is placed again above the place where hewas located earlier.

If for some reason the wiring is not weakened and was not removed in time, was on the body for more than 3 hours, it is impossible to remove. The fact that a part of cells died due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients, the skin showed signs of dying tissue. When removing the tourniquet, the blood will start to arrive in this area. In the biological fluid comes toxins formed in the dead tissues. They will spread throughout the body. The use of harmful substances would lead to the death of the whole organism.

Stop the bleeding in hard-to-tourniquet places

Very dangerous is bleeding from the femoral artery. When you lose the integrity of the blood vessel, the victim may die within 30-40 seconds, so first aid for arterial bleeding limbs should be provided quickly. It is worth noting that to get a tourniquet on this site is not so easy. On the thigh a very large muscle and fat mass. Through it difficult to pinch the artery. To stop bleeding, it is recommended to press the fist at the area where the blood vessel, and during tourniquet it is necessary to enclose under it something hard (stone, mobile phone), a roller bandage.

When detected violation of the integrity of the skin of the neck and an arterial bleed, the first aid is as follows:

• Apply to the wound a piece of cloth and then clamping the carotid artery and the affected area;
• After the injured person is placed, his hand opposite from the wound, slid over the head;
• Apply to the wound a roll of bandage or towels and applied a tourniquet, dragging him through the hand of the victim (harness needs to press the roller).

Errors that cannot be avoided when first aid

If there is arterial bleeding, first aid should be rendered correctly, because of the measures taken depends on the life of an affected person:

1. It is Impossible to apply a tourniquet on the bare part of the body. While tightening can damage the skin. If the overlay has no clothes, it should be put under a harness a piece of cloth.
2. You Cannot close the tourniquet with a blanket or clothing. It needs to be visible to the person who renders first aid.
3. Cannot be used as a harness wire, a thin string, fishing line. All of these can damage the skin.
4. Do Not remove protruding from the wound items. These will be removed to experts, when the casualty is taken to hospital.
5. If part of the body below the tourniquet swollen and acquired a bluish tinge, that means a tourniquet was applied incorrectly. You need to untie him and re-impose the observance of all rules for first aid.

Frequent phenomenon is considered to be arterial and venous bleeding. First aid – the question is to examine every person, because no one is immune from injury, hit in a traffic accident. To summarize, we can highlight several important points. If the victim of very severe bleeding, do not waste time on the processing hand. In such situations, you need to act competently and as quickly as possible to avoid shock. If the patient lost a lot of blood, then you need to stop arterial bleeding, lay the person lifting lower limbs and drink water or sweet tea.