Parietal bone. The structure of the parietal bone

Parietal bone, like all other structures of the human organism has its own anatomical features. They are caused by the tasks, the implementation of which is entrusted to the area of the skull.

Anatomical structure of the parietal bone

Currently, this aspect is known for a very, very good. Parietal bone is a kind of quadrilateral. This structure has a flattened shape.

The Parietal bone is paired. They both have absolutely no differences. Parietal bone left and right are connected to each other by their upper edges. They are called the sagittal. Fastened to these parts of the same seam. Frontal and parietal bone is connected to the front. The first of them is wedged a little in the second. This is because the frontal region parietal bone has a somewhat concave shape.

The Lower edge of this anatomical structure is called a flake. It is so called due to several changes in the location of the surface. This edge connects a parietal bone with the temporal.

There is also the occipital region. It borders with the same bone. This region has a somewhat convex form.

In Addition, at the parietal bone there is also 4 edges. The one that is located between the occipital and temporal bone, called the mastoid. Above is the back corner. Between the frontal and temporal bones is the sphenoid angle. Slightly higher is the frontal angle.

Surface anatomy

Parietal bone has a flat structure. The fact that its external surface is convex and an inner opposite concave. Similar anatomical structure of the parietal bone is due to the need for a relatively tight fit of her brain.

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The Outer surface is relatively smooth. As for the interior, it is quite heterogeneous. The fact that this surface has a large number of arterial furrows. They are necessary for additional protection of the blood vessels supplying such an important organ as the brain.

On the internal surface of parietal bone in the region of the mastoid angle is the sulcus of the sigmoid sinus.

Functions parietal bone

First and foremost, it is part of the skull. The main objective of this bone - to protect the skull from any damaging action of the environment. First of all we are talking about the patronage of the Central organ of the nervous system from various kinds of strokes and other traumatic impact.

Another major function of the parietal bone is to protect the brain from low temperatures. Also this role to a certain extent, performs a hair.

About pathology in the structure of parietal bone

This area often becomes the place of formation of a pathologic process. Currently, the most common ones are as follows:

• Osteoma;
• Cephalohematoma;
• Hyperostosis;
• Different kinds of injuries.

Osteoma

It is a benign tumor. Its peculiarity is the so-called exophytic growth (that is the outside). Due to this, it does not pose serious risk to human health. The main trouble here can only be a cosmetic defect. Growing this benign tumor is extremely slow.

The Diagnostics is carried out using x-ray, and computed tomography.

As for treatment, it is carried out on the treatment of the patient by removing part of the parietal bone. In that case, if the land surface area greater than 2 cm², then the resulting hole is closed with a special material.

Cephalohematoma

This pathology in the majority of cases develop during labor. Occurs when the skull appears on the baby and the birth canal of his mother. As a result of constant mechanical action exerted on parietal bone during delivery, under the periosteum hemorrhage occurs. In children clotting ability significantly less than adults, so cephalohematoma can grow in the next few days. However, due to anatomical features of this region outside the parietal bone, a pathological process never leaves.

Diagnosis of cephalhaematoma removed is based on the routine examination and ultrasound.

In the case of small hemorrhages, the treatment may not be required. Over time, the resulting cephalohematoma will resolve on their own. If the quantity of blood is sufficiently large, it is necessary to remove it with a puncture. In cases where apart from cephalhaematoma removed and there is still damage to the skin, you need to treat with antibacterial drugs, otherwise may cause significant complications.

Hyperostosis

This deviation from the norm is the formation of excessive deposits on the surface of the parietal bone. In the end it is somewhat thicker than usual. No clinical manifestations of this pathology has not. This is due to the fact that in most cases, this deviation from the norm becomes a godsend in the process of conducting radiography or computed tomography of the skull, assigned a very different reason.

The Treatment of hyperostosis is not required. He not only brings harm, but even manifests itself in the form of a cosmetic defect.

Injury

Most Often, the pathology of the structure of the parietal bones are of a traumatic nature. The vast majority of cases, the defect occurs specifically in the place of application of force. The fractures of the parietal bone are of several types:

• Line;
• Sunken;
• Comminuted.

Linear fractures involve the formation of cracks. It is usually preceded by severe compression of the skull from the outside. Depressed fractures are characterized by the presence of the bone, rejected in the cavity of the skull. As for comminuted fractures, they suggest the division of the parietal bone into several parts. It is usually affected only a certain portion thereof.