Fractions of blood proteins by electrophoresis

The human Body-a complex system in which every second there are various chemical processes: produces hormones, fractions of blood proteins, pigments, etc. With the development of medicine, people become available many studies to determine the level of these substances. Deviations from the norm may indicate the development of the disease or be a result of physiological factors.

General information

There are many conditions when increased fractions of blood protein. What it is, what can testify to these figures, few know.

These substances are an integral part of blood plasma and are composed of complex amino acids.

Perform a very important function:

1. Transporterowych essential nutrients (components of the medication, lipids, vitamins, minerals, pigments, etc.).
2. Responsible for clotting.
3. Support the acid-alkaline balance.
4. Adjust the balance of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.
5. Affect the state of immunity.

Their level depends on the consistency of blood. Thick and viscous less fluid passes through the bloodstream, thus deteriorating the operation of the entire cardiovascular system.

To determine the fraction of the protein is carried out a special analysis of proteinogram.

Blood chemistry

This laboratory study is one of the most informative and popular. It is prescribed to almost all patients who undergo stationary treatment.

It allows to assess the General condition of the body and the functions of different organs on different indicators.

Fraction of protein in the biochemical analysis of blood is a very important part, which is carried out to all persons included in the risk group for some groups of diseases.

Who is

Most Often, the study of fractions of proteins administered in cases of suspected pathology of the following:

• Multiple myeloma;
• Monoclonal of gammapathy.

Holding the proteinogram is indicated for patients with:

• Autoimmune (scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto threaditem);
• Chronic and acute infectious diseases (trust, hepatitis of all types, Epstein-Barr and cytomegalovirus);
• Symptoms of malabsorbziei (chronic indigestion manifested by diarrhea, steatorrhea, which can lead to malabsorption of nutrients);
• Eating disorders (lack or increase of appetite, selective appetite for certain products).

Additionally it can be assigned when a General survey of the body (screening of various diseases).

A Decision on whether the study should adopt a doctor (GP) on the basis of complaints, medical history of the patient, test results, etc.

Analysis

All patients who were prescribed the study of fractions of proteins in the blood, you need to know:

1. The Procedure is performed on an empty stomach, early in the morning. Before the delivery I do not eat for 8 hours.
2. Before it is recommended to follow a strict diet (avoid alcohol, fatty, smoked, fried, spicy, fast food, mayonnaise, ketchup and other harmful products). It is desirable to limit protein intake.
3. 30-60 minutes, you can not smoke.
4. Avoid instrumental methods: fluoroscopy, x-ray, ultrasound, etc. a few days before analysis.
5. The day Before not to be nervous and to engage in heavy physical exertion.
6. Young Children when teething procedure is not carried out.

Violation of any item of the above list can distort the result, introduce the patient and the doctor in confusion. It is therefore essential to adhere to the list guidelines.

What else could cause deviations in the results:

• Intravenous infusion solutions;
• Excessive sweating
• Pregnancy;
• Lactation;
• Heavy load;
• Bed;
• Abuse of protein food.

Discovery Methods

Fractions of proteins are an integral part of the total protein. The latter is determined by the above-described biochemical analysis of blood. For a more detailed evaluation of the equilibrium of its particles need to have other tests.

The Most informative and popular is the technique of electrophoresis, which can be done with a specialmaterial:

• Khromatograficheskoe paper;
• Acetate cellulose film;
• Brahmaloka or agar gel.

It is by the action of electric current on blood proteins, which are placed on a special paper or gel. In the process of a substance acquire negative charge, where under the influence of the laws of physics move to the anode and can be selected in 6 different fractions, namely:

• Albumins;
• Globulins (alpha-1 and alpha-2);
• Globulins (beta and gamma);
• Prealbumins is reduced.

In Addition to determine the fractions of blood proteins by electrophoresis, the laboratory can be used and other, less popular methods are:

• Gel-filtrate;
• Immunologicheskie;
• Osazhdenie;
• Sedimentational.

Norms and deviations

The Analysis is carried out quickly enough and the result can be obtained the next day.

At the performance of protein fractions influenced by many factors. On average their normal amount in the blood should be (g/DL):

• Albumin – 3,5 -; 5,00;
• A-1 – 0,1-0,3;
• -2 – 0,6–1,00;
• Beta – 0,7-1,2;
• Gamma – 0,7-1,6.

The Overall rate of protein should be in the range of 6.4-8.3 g/DL.

As evidenced by the rise

Protein Fraction of blood in the norm must be in a certain ratio, which characterizes the overall health of the person.

The disturbance of this balance is allocated in separate disease called dysproteinemia.

Depending on the shift of a certain faction, you can talk about some pathologies, implicitly or explicitly occur in the body. If increased levels:

• Albumin - this may indicate diseases of the liver and kidney; for example, hepatitis, cirrhosis, carcinoma, pyelonephritis and others;
• Globulin alpha-1 (2) - may indicate the presence of inflammation, high stress or a running stage of cancer with metastases;
• Beta in the body can be hyperlipoproteinemia (disorder of fat metabolism);
• Gamma - growth rate characteristic of infection (bacterial or viral).

If you proteinogram to the test strip abnormal monoclonal protein is detected, in most cases, this is grounds to suspect myeloma-cancer of plasma cells. Therefore, when conducting surveys in this pathology proteinogram is related to one of the most valuable and informative methods.

Lower values

Many patients may find in their results a decrease in total protein and its individual fractions. This can be a normal variant, and pathological deviation.

A condition called hypoproteinemia. It can be triggered:

• Insufficient intake of protein with food;
• Long diet;
• Anemia;
• Periods;
• Post-operative period;
• Fevers;
• Infectious processes;
• Intoxications;
• Kidney disease;
• Hepatitis;
• Lack of sleep;
• General exhaustion;
• Bleeding.

To physiological reasons (i.e. not disease-related) a significant reduction of protein in the blood (below 50 g/l) include:

• Lactation;
• Last trimester of pregnancy;
• Physical inactivity, the consequence of a long stay in bed;
• Excessive physical activity.

What to do when a bad result

If unsatisfactory performance of analysis on fractions of proteins do not immediately panic. You must consult a doctor and try to remember what could have triggered such a condition.

On the basis of the collected anamnesis the doctor will advise you to repeat the analysis later, or appoint additional examination.

First you will need to go:

• General and complete blood count;
• Urinalysis.

Instrumental methods will be assigned on the basis of complaints of the patient. For example, if the background of changes in the level of albumin in a patient is sick, he will need to conduct ultrasound of abdomen, x-ray this area, etc.

As the practice of medicine, an isolated increase in total protein in the blood is often normal than shear its fractions. Such conditions require a more thorough examination and studying the medical history of the patient. If people feel good, it hurts nothing and the rest of the tests in order, with the big share of probability it is possible to say that he is healthy. In more rare cases, the early stages of serious diseases such as cancer, cirrhosis, etc., on the background of the visible well-being cause changes of some protein fractions. Therefore, any deviation from the norm speaks of the need to pay attention to their health.