Chloasma - what is it? Causes, diagnosis, treatment

Chloasma (ostuda, melasma, melasma) is a brownish stains benign in nature, localized in the cheeks, neck and forehead. This disease largely affects people with dark skin. According to statistics, the appearance of pigmentation and several times more common in women than men.

Chloasma. What is it?

Under chloasma refers to the pathological process of the skin, manifested in excessive pigmentation on the background of increasing hormones and urogenital diseases, as well as during gestation. In the latter case the problem is temporary and passes after the appearance of the baby born, when fully restores the hormonal background of women.

Excessive pigmentation is evident symmetrical dark brown spots on both sides of the face with ragged edges. At the same time, you may experience darkening of the skin around the breast area and genital organs. In fact chloasma is purchased by a pigment stain. Its formation is due to excess deposits of melanin on a limited part of the epidermis.

In medical reference books you can find another name pathology - melasma. Chloasma (chloas) in Greek means “green”, and melasma (melas) is a “dark”. From a linguistic point of view the second option is more correct to use.

Main reasons

• Pregnancy.
• Hormonal Changes.
• Inflammation in the body.
• Diseases of the gynecological nature.
• Long sunbathing.
• Intoxication.
• Taking certain groups of drugs.
• The Use of cosmetics, a composition which contains essential oils.
• The Deficiency of vitamins B9 and C.

Clinical picture

Chloasma - increased pigmentation is limited area of the skin. It differs ragged edges and never rises above the surface. Color may vary from yellowish color and ending with a brownish color. The size of the pathology in some cases does not exceed one centimeter in diameter, and in others it takes the whole facial area.

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Forehead, bridge of nose, upper lip, cheeks - all the favorite places where most often localized chloasma. Photos of patients with such a diagnosis you can look in special medical books. Rarely pigmentation is found on the inner thighs and chest. It is not accompanied by itching or painful discomfort.

“Pigment line” also refers to the disease chloasma. What is it? This dyschromia, having the form of a pigmented stripe, whose width does not exceed 10 mm. It passes through the forehead and ends at the lateral side of the neck. This pathology is considered the first sign of a present of disorders in the Central nervous system (brain tumor, Parkinson's disease, etc.).

What diseases can be confused chloasma?

• Birthmarks (hyperpigmentation of the skin on a natural level). Can appear on any parts of the body. They are impossible to remove through the use of acids or peels, as they can develop into malignant tumors.
• Adnexitis (inflammation of the appendages, appearing as a result of an infectious process). The disease is most often asymptomatic, exclusively affecting hormonal processes in the body. That's why the spots of chloasma in this case will indicate a more serious disease.
• Liver disease provoke breach of the metabolic nature of the body, which may be excessive deposition of melanin in the upper layers of the dermis.

Types and localization

At present, experts identify several types of chloasma, among which the most often diagnosed with the following:

• Okolorotova (found mainly in young girls).
• Pigmented dermatosis Brock (you'll be relapsing).
• Bronze chloasma (the reasons of this pathology development is not fully understood, but it is most often found among residents of Asian countries).
• Okolorotova parakeets Degos.

Also highlighted the epidermal mixed dermal chloasma and asymptomatic. What is it? This classification takes into account the degree of depth of penetration of the pigment inside the skin. For example, the dermal variant is characterized by the absence of a clear boundary between normal skin and affected.

Diagnosis

To confirm disease specialist enough to conduct physical examination of the patient and to exclude congenital/post-inflammatory its nature. Can additionally be assigned a series of studies for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract and liver (the analysis on a dysbacteriosis, ultrasound examination of abdominal cavity, the biochemical tests of the liver, coprogram). For exception of diseases of the sexual sphere, women are recommended to consult a gynecologist.

Treatment

First and foremost it should be noted that chloasma, treatment which is comprehensive, very insidious manifestationpigmentation. In addition to the prescription drugs the patient is usually prescribed a system of conduct aimed at the speedy recovery. First and foremost, it is recommended to avoid sunbathing and limit the Solarium. By results of analyses it is possible to start drinking hormones in order to adjust their performance in the body. It is equally important to take probiotics to restore the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.

Chloasma on the face perfectly treatable with medication. In this case, the experts recommend the intake of b vitamins and folic acid. Excellent results give bleaching creams (for example, “Ahriman”). Additionally, it may be recommended peeling with acids.

If a woman is in position, the therapy is selected based on her health. In most cases treatment at all put off, as after the appearance of the baby born chloasma is yourself.

The Help of medicine

In the home allowed alone treatment, but only after consultation with a specialist and passed all necessary tests.

There are a great many folk remedies for skin bleaching, including baking soda, toothpaste, chamomile tea, lemon juice and many others. They are all aimed at reducing the progression of this pathology as chloasma. How to get rid of the problem at home? Below are the most popular recipes.

• You will Need to mix five tablespoons of turmeric powder with 10 tablespoons of milk. The resulting mixture should resemble dough. It should be applied to problem areas of the face and allow to dry. After 10 minutes, rinse under running water and wipe the skin with dry towel. This procedure should be repeated daily until complete bleaching of stains.
• Lemon Juice should be mixed with honey in equal proportions, add a couple of tablespoons of parsley. The resulting mixture should be spread evenly on the affected area and leave for 10 minutes. The result will not keep itself waiting long.
• Apple cider vinegar not only removes spots but also makes the entire face lighter. You will need to mix it with water in a ratio of 1:1 and daily wipe the skin. Better to use fresh “cure” in a diluted state it's not worth keeping.
• Parsley Seeds also give excellent results in the treatment of this problem. Will need 100 g of seeds pour 0.5 liters of vodka and leave to infuse for two weeks. After this period, we can safely apply the medicine. It is recommended to wipe infusion the affected area. Not less useful to use daily to eat parsley.
• In the fight against chloasma can help almond. Half a Cup of nuts, pour a glass of boiling water. Then you need to run them through a meat grinder, and the water just drained into the bowl. To the resulting slurry squeeze the juice of half a lemon. Apply this mask on for 30 minutes, and then rinse with almond water.

The Above folk remedies allow you to forget about unwanted pigmentation. Such procedures can be repeated until obtaining the desired result.

Prevention

As if no easily treatable disease, it is always easier to prevent. To prevent the development of chloasma, it is advisable to protect your skin from sun exposure. For these purposes, you should use special creams to wear hats with a visor. Skin contact with chemicals (gasoline, oil) are also recommended to minimize. We should not forget about the importance of timely treatment of diseases, proper nutrition. Thanks to these simple tips it is possible not to wonder what symptoms accompanied by chloasma, photos of patients with this diagnosis to the look in the specialized literature.

Conclusion

Of Course, each pathology requires a skilled approach to treatment. This issue is no exception chloasma. What it is, how to treat the problem and what are the required precautions, we discussed in detail in this article. I hope that all the information will be really useful. Be healthy!