The child in the orphanage. How children live in orphanages? Orphanage children at the school

The Theme "child in the orphanage" is very difficult and requires the most serious attention. The problem is often not fully realized by society. Meanwhile, those living in orphanages in our country every year more and more. Statistics show that the number of homeless children in Russia has now reached two million. A number of children's homes is growing by about 170,000 people per year.

Only in the last decade such institutions was three times more than before. Dwell in them, not only the actual orphans, and the disabled, abandoned by their parents, taken from alcoholics, drug addicts and convicts. There is a special closed institutions for those born with congenital defects, or a form of children's house-boarding school for mentally retarded children. Living conditions and content there are not advertised, and society prefers to turn a blind eye.

How children live in orphanages

What is happening in such a confined space, according to eyewitnesses, bears little resemblance to the normal human condition. Organizations, sponsors and just caring people trying to do everything in their power to help these children. They raise money, Finance travel, organize charity concerts for the purchase of orphanages furniture and appliances. But all these, no doubt, good deeds aimed at the improvement of the external conditions of existence of orphans.

Meanwhile, the problem of children in orphanages is much more serious, deeper, and lies in the fact that by creating such students of the human condition, feeding, heating and washing off, we will not solve the main problem - a lack of love and personal of communicating with mother and other family members, and loved ones.

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Public education guarantee and problems

To Solve this problem with money it is impossible. As you know, orphaned children in our country fall under the care of the state. In Russia, the form of raising orphans mainly exists in the form of large state orphanages, each of which is designed for occupancy from 100 to 200. The advantage of the state system of provision is mainly in social guarantees - obtaining their own housing upon reaching the age of majority, free second education and so on. This is a definite plus. But if we talk about the education, that, by and large, the state is not.

The Inexorable statistics show not more than one tenth of the graduates of orphanages, as adults, find their rightful place in society and lead a normal life. Almost half (about 40%) of becoming alcoholics and drug addicts, the same commit crimes, and about 10% of students attempt suicide. Why such terrible stats? I think, it's all about serious flaws in the system of state education of orphans.

Children's home - age children and the transition chain

Such a system is Built on the principle of the conveyor. If the baby was left without parents, he was destined to travel through the chain, passing through a number of institutions. Until three or four years the little orphans are in the orphanages, then they are sent to the orphanage, and on reaching seven years of age by place of permanent residence of the pupil becomes a boarding school. This differs from the orphanage institution with a private educational institution.

In the latter also there is often a division between Junior high school and high school. Both have their teachers and Tutors are located in different buildings. In the end, for the life of orphanage children at least three or four times to change the groups, educators and peers. They get used to the fact that the surrounding adults - a temporary phenomenon, and soon there will be others.

According to the staff regulations in 10 children have only one rate of educators in the summer to 15 children. No real care or attention to this child in the orphanage, of course, does not receive.

Everyday life

Another problem and characteristic in isolation of the world of orphans. How children live in orphanages? And learn, and they communicate around the clock wares in environments such as the disadvantaged. Summer is usually the team go on holiday where the children have to have contact with the same, as they, representatives of other state agencies. As a result, the child does not see their peers from a normal wealthy family and has no idea how to communicate in the real world.

The children from the orphanage are not used to work from childhood, as happens in normal families. There is no one to teach and explain the need to care for themselves and loved ones, as a result, they can not and do not want. They know that the state is obliged to ensure that the wards were dressed and fed. Need their own maintenance there. Moreover, any work (for example, help in the kitchen) under the ban, regulated by the norms of hygiene and safety.

The Lack of basic household skills (cooking, clean his room, to sew clothes) generates the current dependency. And it's not even banal laziness. This bad practice is detrimental impact on the formation of personality andability to solve problems independently.

About independence

Limited, to the limit sarahlamantia to communicate with adults in a group does not stimulate the child's development in the orphanage in terms of independence. The presence of mandatory rigid daily routines and adult supervision cuts off any need of self-discipline and planning a child of their own actions. Children children from infancy used only to fulfill someone else's instructions.

As a result, graduates of public institutions to life does not fit. After receiving housing, they don't know how to live alone, to take care of himself at home. Such children have no skill, food shopping, cooking, competent expenditure of money. A normal family life for them is a mystery. In humans, these graduates did not understand, and as a result very, very often fall into criminal structures or simply drink too much.

The Sad result

Even in a seemingly children's homes where discipline is maintained, not been egregious cases of abuse, children have no one to instill moral ideals and give at least the basic concepts of life in society. This situation, unfortunately, is generated by the system of centralized public education of orphans.

Pedagogical tasks in orphanages is often reduced to the lack of emergency and publicity. Orphans-high school students explain the rights of the child in the orphanage and out of it (housing allowance, free education). But this process only leads to the fact that they forget about any responsibilities and just remember that they all have - starting with state and ending with the immediate environment.

Many children from the orphanage who grew up without a spiritual and moral core, prone to selfishness and degradation. To become full members of society it is almost impossible.

There is an Alternative...

The Findings are sad: a large state-run children's orphanage as a form of education of orphans fully proved its inefficiency. But what can you offer in return? Among experts it is considered that the optimum for these children may be the only adoption. As only a family can give the child in an orphanage deprived in a government environment.

Who Know firsthand about life in foster care believe strongly in the importance of public assistance to people who decided to exploit the upbringing of another child orphaned. Such parents need the support of the state, society and the Church, as the adoptive parents with their difficult duties is always a lot of problems and complicated issues.

There are foster families that can replace a children's orphanage. The state pays their salary, and no secret of adoption does not exist, an orphan knows who he is and where. Otherwise, a pupil is a full member of the family.

Another option

Another form of organizing the lives of orphans and family children's home. Such a path are often non-state institutions of this type. Dwelling there can be divided into separate apartments, "family" consist of 6-8 children, mothers, officially appointed to this position, and her assistant. Children all together and are busy shopping, cooking and all the necessary household chores. The child in the orphanage of this type feels like a member of a big happy family.

Also interested in the experience of SOS children's villages, the device which implements the model of education of a teacher from Austria. In our country there are three such villages. Their goal is also to bring the living conditions of the inmates of the family.

In addition, there are small children at home type. They are arranged in the image and likeness of normal public institutions, but the number of children there is much less, sometimes no more than 20 or 30 people. In this scale the situation is much easier to make homemade than in a huge boarding school. A child in an orphanage this type attends regular school and communicate with their peers from normal families.

Save does the Orthodox Church?

Many educators and public figures consider that the work in state institutions should involve representatives of the Church, because everyone needs food for the soul, the existence of moral ideals and the formation of moral foundations. Orphans, deprived of parental warmth, it is necessary doubly.

That's because the Orthodox children's homes could be an island of salvation for these children in the modern world of spiritual impoverishment and lack any sense of direction. Set up at the temple like the institution of education has another important advantage - the Church community in some way able to replace a missing orphan family. In the parish pupils make friends, strengthen spiritual and social ties.

Not so simple

Why such a form, as an Orthodox orphanage is still not widespread? The problem is the presence of many difficulties of different kinds - legal, financial, educational or personnel shortage. Financial problems - primarily the lack of necessary space. Even the most modestthe shelter will require a separate building or part thereof.

Benefactors also not too eager to allocate funds for financing such projects. But even if the sponsors are bureaucratic difficulties in the registration of such shelters almost insurmountable. Numerous commissions, the solution of which depends the permit, picking on the slightest deviation from the existing formal instruction, despite the fact that most state-funded large children's homes exists on the background of a great many serious violations, including legal.

It Turns out that the Church orphanage is possible only in the conditions of illegal existence. Government does not provide any legal acts, is able to regulate the education of the Church of orphans, and, accordingly, it does not allocate money for it. Without Central funding (only for money from sponsors) to exist, the orphanage is difficult - almost impossible.

Monetary issue

Funded in the country only state institutions, which, according to the education Act, education must be secular. That is, the device of the temples under the ban, children's education, the faith is not allowed.

As far As cost-effective children's homes? The maintenance of children in a public institution comes at a price. No family spends on children's education the amount that is allocated to him in the orphanage. It is about 60,000 rubles annually. Practice shows that the money is spent not very effectively. In the same foster family, where this figure is three times less children receive a broad and, moreover, that they need so much care and custody of adoptive parents.

About the ethical side of things

Another serious problem of children's homes - the lack of qualified and responsible Tutors. Such work requires huge amount of mental and physical strength. It is in the truest sense of the word, means dedication, because the salary of teachers is just ridiculous.

Often in children's homes go to work, by and large, random people. They have no love to trust, no patience, so necessary in the work with disadvantaged orphans. The impunity of the orphanage caregivers in a closed system leads to the temptation of uncontrolled command, reveling in its own power. Sometimes it comes to extreme cases in which, from time to time, get into print and media.

A Very difficult question of corporal punishment, which are under official ban, but the existence of them and, moreover, wide application practice really - for anybody not a secret. However, this problem is typical not only for children's homes is a headache the entire modern educational system.