Alloimmune antibodies. Rhesus-conflict during pregnancy: implications for child

Alloimmune antibodies are produced in women who have a conflict RH factor of the baby. However, many women, given the results of the analyses do not always understand what consequences this may cause.

Alloimmune antibodies

To get started is to understand the terminology. These antibodies are formed when there is a conflict with rhesus erythrocytes. In particular, they can harass a woman who has a negative Rp, but bears a child with a positive. In this case, you may have a miscarriage, when continuation of the pregnancy the baby may acquire hemolytic disease.

Knowing that is a carrier of RH negative, the woman must consult the doctor and regular blood tests for the detection of antibodies.

Throughout pregnancy, girls should be more attentive to their health: to drink vitamins, to strengthen your immune system. Otherwise there is the risk of catching any virus or infection. It can damage the placenta, which is kind of a conduit from mother to baby. In this case, the red blood cells of the child will get into the circulatory system of women, and this will inevitably lead to RH conflict.

When a conflict may occur?

Rp children will inherit from their parents. If both positive, then the child, most likely it will be the same. However, there are exceptions. If mom and dad are RH negative and positive, the child can take one or another factor.

If both are negative, then nothing to worry about. The child absolutely will take negative, which means that conflict will not arise.

At some point it could happen?

• Childbirth. When bleeding, as a rule, blood of the newborn into the mother, and this leads to the formation of antibodies. Fortunately, if the pregnancy first, it will not affect neither one nor the other. But when repeated they can affect the child.
• Trauma to the placenta. Detachment or damage its integrity will lead to the fact that two of the circulatory system will mix, and this will cause the appearance of antibodies.
• Abortion or ectopic pregnancy RH-positive fetus also leads to the ejection of red blood cells in the mother's blood, where a conflict will occur.
• Forced transfusion. There are times when a woman mistakenly called "dig" the blood of the RH. At the time of pregnancy, her body will already have antibodies.

First pregnancy

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The mother's Womb is the first place of residence of the child. It protects from injuries and helps to develop until the moment of birth. But even being in it, the child may feel the effects of the conflict of the rhesus monkey. This requires the following condition to hold: mother is a negative Rp, the fetus – positive.

The First pregnancy is the most safe, even if both have different rhesus. If it flows smooth, the risk of formation of antibodies is very low. Only after delivery, when mixing of blood of two types they can get into the mother's blood.

There are several factors that affect the fetus during the first pregnancy.

• Abortions on medical (and other) reasons.
• Infectious diseases, which caused the violation of the integrity of the placenta.
• Injuries that cause blood loss to the mother.

Analysis of rhesus-conflict

It is conducted to all the girls who have a negative RH. Once a woman knows her situation, she will need to report your problem to the doctor. He will give direction to the analysis that defines alloimmune antibodies during pregnancy.

During the first weeks of the conflict can manifest itself causing a spontaneous miscarriage. Some do not even have time to find out that she is pregnant, as the body rejects the fetus with different RH. You need to pay attention to this issue and as soon as possible to register to the gynecologist.

Starting with the twentieth week, a woman will be tested for alloimmune antibodies once a month. The onset of the last trimester, the frequency will be increased up to two times. But towards the end, in 35 weeks will have to pass tests every week.

If the situation is complicated by the high number of antibodies, the mother transferred to the hospital for more careful observation.

To determine the existence of a conflict, the woman is losing blood from a vein which is tested using special agents. In the most severe cases spend cordocentis. This punctures the umbilical cord, from which comes the blood. However, this method is very dangerous for the baby. Resort to it in exceptional cases, when there is a suspicion of hemolytic disease of the child.

When there is a conflict?

The Womb is a barrier to the penetration of various viruses and infections during the development of the baby until its born. It the fruit feels in complete safety. But, unfortunately, it doesn't always save him from a rhesus-conflict. To worry about it not worth it, if mom and baby negative Rp. This means that the baby inherited maternal RH and blood now will not“conflict”.

There is No reason to worry and the mothers who have positive Rp. Such people in the world most – 85 %. Even if the child took the father's negative, conflict does not arise.

If the time to detect the presence of antibodies and regularly tested by a doctor, and in this case, problems will not arise. Alloimmune antibodies can only affect the second and subsequent pregnancy. But by this time the mother will already be prepared and pre-inform the doctor about his RH negative.

Consequences

What to do if you have a rhesus-conflict during pregnancy? Consequences for the child may be different.

1. First, in this situation, the mother's body treats the fetus as a foreign body. The red blood cells start to produce special antibodies that can lead to the destruction of the embryo. In response to this reaction the child's body actively increases the bilirubin. This hormone affects the liver, spleen and other internal organs. Also it can negatively affect the baby's brain, leading to various kinds of violations.
2. Conflict of RH leads to a decrease in the level of hemoglobin of the fetus. The child begins anoxia, which is very dangerous and can lead to the fading of pregnancy.
3. A Large amount of bilirubin is the cause of newborn jaundice.
4. For the mother, who in time were not examined for the presence of antibodies, it can end in tears. Rhesus-conflict can lead to premature birth.

Conclusion

Fortunately, women with negative Rp, not so much. Throughout the world there are more than 15%. Future mothers have a huge responsibility – to carry and give birth to a healthy baby if happened rhesus-conflict during pregnancy. The consequences for baby can be severe. For this reason a woman should carefully be examined, and if necessary go to the hospital for careful observation.