Domestic horses: care and maintenance

For Many centuries people goes through life side by side with the horse. It is not only a reliable helper in the household, but also incredibly loyal friend and companion. Few people do not like horses. It is difficult to remain indifferent to their deep and expressive, almost human eyes.

Horse Evolution

Domestic horses and their wild cousins have a common ancestor. They considered the animal is Eohippus, which became extinct many millions of years ago. In height he was a small dog, had a long tail. Front feet had four toes, the back-three. The prehistoric habitat of the Eohippus scholars call the American continent.

In the Oligocene there were descendants of the Eohippus - architeria. In appearance, these beings can be judged on the early physiological changes of the structure. Lengthened legs, straightened back, the body increased in size. Denote trehalose because the fourth finger on the front legs disappeared. The leg is adapted to fast running and high jumping.

The Next stage of evolution is hipparion, whose range has considerably expanded due to the migration of animals in Europe and Asia. Externally, hipparion like modern gazelles. Replaced it about 4.8-5 million years ago came pliohippus (one-toed horses). The hipparion during this period has not yet fully died out, and for some time the two species lived near each other.

Climate Change caused the change of the savannas, covered with lush grasses, on rocky steppes. Pliohippus were more adapted to life in the updated conditions. These animals are spread on the Western and Eastern hemisphere. Many new species took its origin from the ancestor pliohippus: zebras, Tarpan, wild ass, donkey, and the modern domestic horses.

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Breeds of modern horses

Ever Since man has domesticated the horse, he had centuries to work on to consolidate its external and physiological quality in different breeds.

Today, domestic horses are divided into three main groups: horse, heavy horses, and ponies.

To upland species include the following: Russian riding horse, Holsteiner, thoroughbred horse, Hessian, Bavarian Warmblood, Hanoverian, Akhal-Teke, Arabian and American horse.

The Most famous breeds tjazhelovato:

• Vladimirsky;
• Sovetskii;
• Russkii;
• Perchinski;
• Australijski;
• Ranski;
• Ueno-German Trelawny;
• Jutland;
• The Shire (the largest truck in the world).

Pony-horses too!

Ponies – he's a small horse for riding, their height not exceeding 150 cm but despite small stature, these animals are very strong and hardy. In fact, this is the same home the horse, description of its appearance coincides with the description of a large fellow. Pony breeds as much as riding and draught horses. Known to such breeds as the American riding pony, Australian pony, American miniature horse, pony Barsky, Bosnian mountain pony and many others.

Table of Contents domestic horses

Keeping horses at home – is not easy. This animal requires not only great attention and care, but also special conditions to maintain health and performance.

Breeder of the domestic horse should know that the animal needs to be your “home” - stable, made according to special rules. First, the obligatory high ceilings - not less than 3 metres. Walls can be wood or brick. The main thing - to avoid dampness and drafts. From excessive moisture in the horses begin to rot the hoof. The stables need daily to clean, feeders and containers for drinking should be clean.

The Horse in the household uses, including as labor. In addition, they are great friends and helpers in the fight against depression. Ride horses as much as anything. Light physical exercise is good for her.

In order to make the horse feel good, she doesn't have to live in the stall. These animals by nature - wild nomads, their elements – fields, prairies, open spaces. Home horse can live on pasture.

Proper nutrition

Quality food need any Pets. Horse – not the exception. The amount and character of food depend on the age, breed, weight and physical activity of the horse. Ideally, for each horse's diet is individually designed.

The Feeding should be regular and provide the animal body with all necessary nutrients for normal activity and life.

Before and after the feeding of domestic horses must rest an hour and a half, like many other Pets. The horse also needs to drink at least three times a day, its daily water demand is approximately 46 liters. On hot summer days water you need to give more - up to 70 liters, because the horse sweats a lot and loses a lot of fluids.

When Choosing food, the owner needs to know that his pet is very picky in food. Horse demanding about quality andthe purity of the feed. In other words, there are horrible, she will not.

Traditional food of horses – that straw, hay and oats. You can add silage, roots, grass pellets, wheat, rye, oil cakes and meals, molasses, mixed feed, different vitamin supplements.

Salt and chalk – an integral part of the horse menu

In the diet of any horse must be present salt. Need an adult in this product – 30 to 60 g per day, youngsters need less salt – to 30 g.

Mel is a source of calcium. It is ground and washed when dirty. To give chalk mixed with any concentrated feed. Every day horses need to eat 50-70 grams of chalk to maintain normal levels of calcium.