The Economics of energy. Economy industries energy

In the national economy of any state economy energy plays a special role. When the assessment shall take into account the potential and not only the present existing level of development. If we consider the energy situation worldwide, it can be considered relatively prosperous, as fossil fuel reserves are large enough.

What are the features?

The Economy of the energy sector has its own technological features that distinguish it from other sectors of economic activity. It requires a systematic approach to the study of the characteristics, starting from the extraction of fuel resources and to production process. The result is a fuel and energy complex.

Almost all industrial enterprises of the industries interact with each other and more dependent on the energy structures. Each party seeks to maximize their profits. Their main task is ensuring the proper functioning of technological equipment with minimal energy consumption to obtain competitive products.

Between the parties often arise contradictions, which are aggravated due to the insufficient consideration of the underlying issues. Therefore, the problem of reorganization of the organizational structure to create a competitive environment and analysis of market mechanisms is becoming increasingly relevant.

What acts as the product?

In energy Economics faced with a special kind of goods. It cannot be seen or touched. It is the energy. On the developed power is influenced by the mode of consumption. For example, will not be able to produce electricity more than necessary at the moment. It will not work to store in warehouses. You can only accumulate small amounts.

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Such a product in the economic activity may not be complete. The production and transmission of electric energy cannot be split into two separate categories. The main characteristics of the product is the quality. It should answer paragraphs GOST 13109-97.

Fixed assets

The economy of energy, special attention is paid to the production funds of an enterprise. They represent the organizational structure expressed in material form. Outline the basic and revolving funds. Such a unit is associated with their role directly in production.

The Basic production assets involved in the process of wealth creation. They are involved in the production or provide normal conditions for its functioning. The basic elements of any power company acts as hydraulic, turbine or similar equipment. To purchase accounts for a large part of the costs.

The differences between the energy and industrial funds are more significant proportion of power equipment and structures. Therefore, Economics and management in energy industry require a different approach. During the operation of the production backgrounds are lacking the qualitative characteristics, that is, gradually decreases and their cost. The wear of equipment.

Energy is among the industries with a high growth rate of technical progress. In this regard, it largely depends on the wear and tear of existing facilities. Of particular importance is the establishment of optimal terms of maintenance of technical resources. The feasibility of renovation and replacement should be based on the ratio of additional costs and losses.

Product Cost

The economy of energy it is impossible not to encounter the calculation of production costs. The final price is determined in monetary units, taking into account not only material, but labor costs directly to the production, transportation and marketing.

The Cost of production can be of four types:

1. Guild. In this case, means only those costs that were spent only one branch of the company.
2. Obshezavodskaya. This amount consists of the cost of the shop and overhead expenses.
3. Commercial. Under this option, associated costs of production and sales.
4. Industry. Is characterized by average costs in a separate sphere of economic activity.

The cost impact of labour, financial and material costs, so the figure plays an important role for the performance of an enterprise.

Problems of the economy, energy in Russia

The Energy sector is of particular importance for socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. The main goal is the development of the industry in innovation and business continuity. Taken the strategy involves several important tasks.

1. Ensure a high level of security and reasonable energy demand.
2. The Formation of an innovative sector within the state, characterized by maximum efficiency.
3. Conductingsuccessful integration across the industry directly into the global system.
4. The Achievement of environmental efficiency of functioning of fuel and energy complex.
5. The Formation of a stable institutional environment in the sphere of the entire Russian energy sector.

To implement these tasks and achieve the main priorities of the applied scenario-situational model, which implies an integrated approach to planning. It is based on geopolitical and macroeconomic interests of the country and the real situation in the sector.

Economy of nuclear energy

Investing in nuclear energy can be justified from an economic point of view only in two cases:

• If prices are not higher than those established in alternative production;
• If the requirement is large enough that the produced energy is sold at a price much above the cost of production.

In the 70-ies of the last century nuclear energy was considered a promising direction, as it is quickly growing prices for oil and coal. However, ten years later, it became clear that such arguments are incorrect. Electricity demand fell sharply, and the cost of traditional fuels even started to decline slightly.

Final part

For the development of energy Economics in any state you must regularly analyze their knowledge and to improve them, as well as to put certain tasks and try to solve them the most effective ways. Economic experience and systematic approach to solving problems related to energy systems, is a prerequisite.