How to build a sauna: materials selection, wiring, the process of construction, decoration, insulation

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2018-04-02 04:47:19

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A Variety of baths are traditional for many peoples of the world. Of course, their climate may vary, but the principle is unchanged. It is not surprising that the usual Russian bath, Finnish or mixed option remain popular in the CIS countries. It improves the health and well-being, and often is simply a place of recreation and leisure activities for companies and families. Many land owners sooner or later are wondering about how to build a sauna. It requires a responsible approach to construction, to ensure the necessary microclimate, comfort, relaxation and maximum durability in extreme conditions.

sauna

Where to begin?

For starters, if you want to obtain a permit for the construction of baths on the site. So as a relates to support structures and not to capital, engineering or business, a permit is not required. It is important to comply with sanitary norms, then the claims from inspection bodies will not. Also, if the room is part of the house and was included in the project at the stage of approval, additional registration is not required.

Permission required in that case, if the bath will be used in business activities for profit. Also it is necessary, if it is attached to the main residential building.

Health standards

In Addition to the knowledge about how to build a sauna, and still want to understand technical documentation, construction norms and rules, for compliance with sanitary and fire regulations. It regulates the distance between buildings, from buildings to the fence or road.

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Thus, you should consider:

  • The distance to the fence is not less than one meter, if you provide drainage. When the external drain, a distance of at least 3 meters.
  • Distance to road. No closer than 3 metres to the road and no closer than 5 - to full roads.
  • The type of drainage. In the event of discharge directly into the ground, will be constructed not closer than 8 meters from residential buildings and a well.
  • Materials. If for the construction of baths were used refractory materials, the nearest buildings no closer than 6 meters. If you have a wooden ceiling - 8 meters. Between the wooden building and the building of fire-resistant materials - 10. If the baths, and adjacent wooden building, the minimum distance - 15 meters.

To determine the minimum distance you should choose the highest limit for the case under consideration.

Choosing the materials

Every material has its advantages and disadvantages. However, when choosing not forget about the size of the site and fire safety. Generally use the following material.

The Tree

The Construction of baths from a log can be called a classic. Needless to say that it is an environmentally friendly material, absolutely harmless to health. Wooden bath looks attractive and rich, and the inside is very cozy, not to mention the incredible smell. High thermal insulation properties will allow as long as possible to keep warm.

Spacious Finnish sauna

Important! When choosing wood, avoid breeds that produce resin. The heat from the tree will begin its abundantly exude that will make the walls sticky, damage the varnish or other impregnating.

Select the following types of baths made of wood, which was used:

  • Logs. Perhaps one of the most attractive options. However, it will cost significantly more expensive than others. Due to the fact that the logs put a kind of puzzle using the grooves, the design requires high-quality processing have the appropriate skills and tools. Heavy weight design will require a strong basis. Because of these features it is not recommended to build with their hands.
  • Beam. Because of the rectangular construction like working with bricks. Easy enough to do with their hands: not required special tools and skills, it is only necessary to order the required number of lumber. Less material and light weight eliminate the need for the Foundation is smooth, solid base.
  • Frame bath. Easiest way for the construction of their own hands. Has low weight, simplicity and good insulating properties, but require special treatment of wood to improve vapor barrier properties.
the Bath one

The bathhouse on the plot, using as the material for the walls of the tree, it is necessary to remember that it is rot, and can be wound parasites. Little one to handle, for the tree will have to be constantly monitored and care.

Concrete

Concrete is deservedly one of the most widely used materials for construction. Environmentally friendly, light weight, ease of handling, even greater than that of wood, high sound and thermal insulation properties, fire safety is not all the advantages of aerated concrete. Great for self-construction. Need to identify and low cost.

In Addition to concrete, there are a number of similar materials such as foam concrete and polystyrene concrete. All three materials absorb moisture, which it is necessary to conduct finishing works, both external andinternal. Penopolistirolbeton and will require more high-quality thermal insulation because of the vulnerability of the EPS pellets to high temperatures, making it partially suitable for the construction of baths. Finishing materials can significantly increase the cost of construction.

A Brick

Eco-friendly and fireproof material, common and pretty cheap. Perfect cellular unit for the best heat insulation properties. Bath brick does not require external machining, which reduces cost and simplifies construction. However, more time was needed, and a quality masonry will require specialized expertise.

Brick is used with other materials to properly build a sauna how of foam blocks, and wood. It is much better resistant to high temperature, making it an ideal material for the walls adjacent to the oven.

The project

Before construction, it is necessary to study the project of a bath: choose what areas it will have, the necessary capacity and so on.

Light bath

For Example, choose simple and classic layout:

  • Start with the porch. Necessary to protect the interior space from the rain or out on the air during rain.
  • The Vestibule. Required for storing coats and outdoor shoes. But the main task is to create a buffer zone to keep warm, if you want to go out.
  • Relaxation Room. Long stay in the steam room just bad, but one time the case ends. For this reason, and need a relaxation area. Usually in it there is a wardrobe, a table with benches or sofas, perhaps a fridge, kettle, TV or radio. Serves for relaxation and leisure in between visits to the baths.
  • Shower. The contrast of cold water after a hot steam good for health. In addition, the high temperature causes a lot of sweat, cleaning the pores and removing toxins from the body. All this dirt must be washed off immediately.
  • Steam room. The most important part of any sauna. She should have a good thermal insulation to maintain the necessary heat and microclimate. Construction of the baths of logs or timber will help to cope with this task.

The design needs to determine the area of the bath. Washing can be the size of a shower stall, porch - at least to cover the entrance from rain and the vestibule is large enough to accommodate shoes and coats. But a steam room and a relaxation room are selected strictly individually, depending on how many people will use the bath, do you plan to invite guests. If not, or you want to make it even easier, you can restrict a steam room and a dressing room.

the construction of baths of logs

Construction Phases

Regardless of bath will be built of brick, timber or concrete, the steps will be similar, but will have its own individual characteristics. Let us consider all stages in order starting with the Foundation.

Foundation

When the design stage behind and must go directly to the construction, we start with the construction of the Foundation. To facilitate the task, you can choose one of the simplest variants, namely ribbon. It is necessary to take the project of a bath and mark the location of the external and internal walls, pulling the thread on the pegs, in the area designated for construction. We should not forget about sanitary rules.

Next on the markup digging a trench the depth of 55-70 cm plus 20 cm filling, of a width not already blocks or timber from which to build the wall. Take the width with a margin for placing formwork that will serve as a form for pouring concrete. For the future the Foundation choose a height equal to 150 mm.

When the trench is ready, its bottom is filled with coarse sand to a height of 20 cm is Desirable not to pour all at once, but layer by layer, carefully ramming each layer. For best results, it is possible to moisten with water, making the sand heavier and pliable. Further, the contour of the trench set the forms.

Before pouring concrete you must put rebar. To put it directly on the sand impossible. You can use stones or bricks to hold it. Of the reinforcing bars creates a three-dimensional frame, and horizontal and vertical rods are fastened together with wire or by welding. Then filled with concrete. It is recommended that all in one approach.

Water supply

Bath, Russian bath, and also shower will require water, which also must be removed. The method of execution will depend on whether the parcel has access to Sewerage or water supply. If Yes, then simply displayed by the drain on the location of the steam room and shower, and possibly also under the sink in the rest area. Also feed and water supply. Branching of pipes should be done immediately, because then it will be insulation of floors in the bath, expanded clay or other filler. It is recommended to select propylene tubes, thanks to their durability.

In the absence of a water or sanitation need to do a water drain in the cleaning device used on the site, or to arrange a sump. For water supply it is necessary to drill the well using a pump. An artesian well will cost relatively inexpensive.

Sex in bath

How to build a sauna andto ease my task? Efficient and easy to use a mixture of clay with concrete. Abroad it is used in half of the houses due to the simplicity and efficiency.

As well as with foundations, soil under floors compacted the future. Then put a covering of sand which is also compacted and leveled. After you have laid out part of the brick, and set the grid of rebar. After you pour a mixture of concrete and expanded clay. Completely pour the Foundation is not necessary, because you need to leave space for the screed and slope to drain.

The Construction of outer walls

Before the construction of the walls needed waterproofing of the Foundation. For example, if the walls will be built of timber on a base tape is laid roofing felt and placed on top of the lumber of the waist. The crown is fixed to the Foundation with anchor bolts. Waterproofing have to be necessary.

The Technology of building of the walls will depend on the selected material. For example, the construction of the timber must take into account that he will sit at the top. Must between the bars to put the heater. In the case of using the foam blocks, just glue them together. The foamed concrete does not settle.

Roof

It is Important to equip the ceiling in the bath high-quality heat - and waterproofing, as most hot humid air always goes upwards. The construction of the roof of the bath begins with the installation of the floor beams. Between them is stretched a vapour barrier on top of which was already poured, if it's concrete block, or laid out, in the case of mineral wool insulation. Then you set the decking boards if you plan to use the attic. Often they set the switchboard to eliminate possible contact with moisture. After you go to the construction of the roof.

Spacious lounge

Insulation and interior finish

To properly build a sauna with their hands as of aerated concrete, and timber, a steam room, you need to insulate and provide waterproofing. The insulation is always located between the waterproofing on both sides. This is important due to the high humidity in the steam room.

For the erection of a partition, to which will be attached to the oven, used brick. He reacts better to high temperatures than concrete or wood.

projects of baths

The Most popular is the interior baths made of wood. It creates a pleasant atmosphere and exudes a pleasant scent. You should not choose breeds that produce resin. The tree will require special protective treatment.

Interior baths of logs involves only a special impregnation to protect the wood from moisture. Additional insulation is not required.

Wiring

How to do the wiring in the bath? All metal parts of the appliance must be grounded. The best to choose lamps with plastic housings, as in the bath will need a waterproof. Because of high risk for each room it is better to install a separate RCD and the machine, and shield the display away from the steam room. Often it is placed in the attic. Baths provide a good grounding with quality contour.

It is possible to properly build a sauna with their hands from wood and other materials. However some stages, like materials, require special skills and tools. For this reason, it is better to entrust the construction professionals. It is particularly recommended to do when installing a stove, due to high temperatures and risk of fire. Before construction must take into account the sanitary norms and rules of fire safety.


Article in other languages:

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/hatn-tul-nasc/7684-yak-prav-l-na-pabudavac-laznyu-vybar-materyyala-elektrapravodka-praces.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/gem-tlichkeit/7687-wie-es-richtig-ist-ein-bad-zu-bauen-eine-auswahl-von-materialien-die-e.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-comodidad-del-hogar/7693-c-mo-construir-un-ba-o-selecci-n-de-materiales-el-cableado-el-proceso-.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/domashniy-uyut/7689-alay-salu-monsha-a-materialdardy-ta-dau-elektr-symdary-t-r-yzu-deu-ymt.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/komfort-domu/7687-jak-poprawnie-zbudowa-parowej-wyb-r-materia-w-instalacja-elektryczna-p.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/o-aconchego-do-lar/7682-como-o-direito-de-construir-de-vapor-a-escolha-de-materiais-fia-o-el-t.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/domashniy-uyut/7693-nas-l-do-ru-in-a-banyosu-malzeme-se-imi-kablolama-i-lemi-in-aat-dekora.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/domashn-y-zatishok/7690-yak-pravil-no-pobuduvati-laznyu-vib-r-mater-al-v-elektroprovodka-proce.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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