The right bricklaying in winter: the technology that need to be observed

Sometimes, the construction of the house is delayed so that the cold comes. Or when you want to build a building right now, and not wait until the summer. But the cement at zero temperature ceases to congeal, as does bricklaying in winter when freezing temperatures?

Why the solution does not freeze

When it's cold weather, this significantly slows down the solidification of the solution. When the temperature drops to zero, the process generally stops. The mixture becomes separated into sand, cement or other binders. And the separation between them is the water that became ice. This reaction leads to the fact that cement is not plasticity, which horizontal seams not completely sealed.

What can threaten the thawing cement

When the day of thawing under the action of sunlight, the walls begin to okazyvatsya, because the ice turns back to water. The worst thing this winter bricklaying shrinks unevenly. As a result, the structure loses stability and strength.

In such conditions, when masonry freezes, thaws, it should take 28 days to set. Then the solution is only half solid, according to the manufacturer its hardness. And in this case if still there is a possibility of thawing and not when the frost all day. For these reasons, they invented solutions that can and in the conditions of low temperatures to preserve the strength of masonry, according to the manufacturer.

Methods winter masonry

That winter, the brickwork was solid, there are several ways to achieve this:

• Are added to the solution of antifreeze components;
• Electric heating;
• Create teplyaki.

Professional builders apply bricklaying in winter, however, it should be planned initially in the project. Then everything is thoroughly calculated, so that the process was controlled and gave the best results. The bricks are stacked on the preheated solution. And have not yet had time to freeze, it is gaining strength. After that, everything freeze and thaw, again solidifies, and so on. These processes calculate and predict the end result.

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Types of mixtures, which are used in the winter

Technological bricklaying in winter provides the solution:

• Cement;
• Lime-cement;
• Clay-cement;
• Apply the solution where the base – quicklime.

Based on weather conditions, is determined by the grade of the solution. If not to take into account climatic temperature, then take a mixture that is two orders of magnitude higher than that calculated for use in the summer.

Temperature of the mixture and selection

If the street is -3, and slightly lower use summer blend. When the temperature from -4 to -20 °C, then the grade is increased by two points. For example, replacing No. 10 to No. 25. If the frost is stronger, then increase by another two degrees.

To masonry bricks in the winter was successful, the masons deliver the warm solution, using special containers. They are able to maintain the required temperature of the solution.

If the frozen solution

If the street the wind, the heat, the mixture should five degrees stronger. The Mason is 25 minutes, until the solution is frozen. If, however, it appeared the ice, in any case you cannot add the boiling water. This will create the pores, which besides freeze water, it will significantly degrade the quality of the masonry. Need frozen mix send back to warm up, and to work to get warm. For convenience, the required amount of solution is discharged in an insulated container, and drawing from it, do the work. Only by following these rules, you may have the right bricklaying in cold weather.

Features of the winter masonry

A Feature of winter laying that we need to do everything very quickly, laying on the bed the solution, you should immediately cover it with a brick, so continuing for the entire series. The growth rate of the wall up is also very important, because more durable construction necessary to the upper tiers of crushed on the bottom. Only so tightly compressed joints and frozen in this position will provide the necessary stability to the walls.

Despite the fact that the clutch is in the winter, the thickness of seams should not be wider than summer. If the volume of mortar in the joints is exceeded, this can lead to a strong shrinkage after thawing. This is very undesirable and can even lead to collapse. So you need to follow and these standards of bricklaying in the winter. Even during the breaks you need buildings cover by roofing material, fabric, polyethylene, in General, to keep warm as long as possible. After the solution during solidification and also provides its own heat, its not much, but it will help the freezing. Also need to make sure that all the seams were filled and no voids. After all, they can lead to uneven shrinkage, pocosin or even collapsing the entire structure.

Walls, floors and beams

When building the walls or pillars, it is necessary to do the masonry of the entire building, as the boundary, can be a seam, which is sedimentary. The height of the structure in such conditions should not be more than 4 m. When the walls are ready, it is immediately necessary to hoist the slab of a slab. All the beams andruns that rely on the wall, you need to connect by means of metal anchors. So, the entire structure can withstand the weight of the plates pressing on the top. Runs consolidate with, or if they are wood, with plates. Just the right bricklaying and proper consolidation will have a positive final result.

The Basis for the Foundation lay out, protecting everything from freezing, both during and after work. This is necessary in order for the Foundation when thawing began rapidly to sink, thereby subjecting the clutch deformations, which can lead to collapse. Winter on the bases laid roofing felt, roofing felt, or polyethylene, directly on the leveled concrete bed. They are placed in three layers is possible and more importantly, to keep the effects of frost.

Controlled shrinkage

Doing styling in the winter, use a concrete lintel, but if the spans are not more than 1.5 m, you can use ordinary jumpers to the suspended formwork. It is a daily practice. The rules of brick masonry provide support formwork on racks mounted on the wedges, and when the thaw begins, they weaken. Thus allowing the entire structure to uniformly okazyvatsya. All uprights and lintels are installed in the Central parts of walls, cannot be allowed the offset. After everyone had thawed out, with the jumper removed the formwork after 15 days.

Winter masonry is characterized by the fact that the height of the window and door openings when they are laid out from a brick should be 5 mm higher than for similar work in the summer. In any case, the only solution is mixed into the heated water.

Warming up joints with electricity

There is still the technology of masonry brick with a warm-up. For this horizontal seams need to lay wire. Its thickness could be 0.3-6 mm and need to leave long enough ends to be conveniently connected to a current source. They can be a welder. When laying the wire to ensure that the solution was not void, because the momentum in this case will be slower and may become ineffective.

To warm up the mixture itself is only 25%, the remaining energy is spent on heating of the brick and the ambient air. Therefore it is necessary to carefully choose the machine that is able to consistently give the required amount of electricity. This clutch in brick, the scheme which is here described, the most technologically advanced and much more modern one where you need to build teplyaki.

Chemical method

There is also a way to prevent the solution from freezing, using chemicals. They are added to the solution, and they lower the temperature at which the mixture would freeze. Among such substances the most effective and widely used are: sodium chloride, nitrite, calcium nitrite, calcium in combination with urea and potash.

However, in this method of laying has a significant drawback, many experts argue that it may be used for the construction of houses impossible. After all, where there will live the person, the use of chemicals is unwise: they can be toxic and affect the health of residents in the future.

It is Important to remember that resorting to such a method, what is not too much to interfere with these supplements, as the solution can be set much faster than expected. Enough optimally 1-3 % of the total weight of the mixture. To know more details, how exactly it is necessary to add them, can only be experienced through.

Here we reviewed what is masonry with brick, how to implement it in the cold season, and materials that may be needed. As you can see, even in such a seemingly hopeless situation, there are several solutions. Of course, they require practice and some experience to understand exactly how to behave in materials.