Drip irrigation: a device principle of operation, installation, reviews. Diagram of drip irrigation

For plants in the garden need moisture. It would be better if it goes to the roots continuously and in metered quantities. There is a drip irrigation device. Difficulties on installation of the system in the future eliminate ineffective and heavy physical labor. This can be seen in numerous reviews gardeners. Many are satisfied with this release from heavy manual labor. In addition to irrigation, in the country there are a lot of other things. It is tempting to replace the difficult and painstaking work to rest.

Types of fixtures and irrigation systems, there are many. They can be made or assembled by hand, and also to involve specialists.

Pros and cons of drip irrigation

Drip the water flow has many advantages.

1. The Flow of water directly under the stem, which allows moisture to fertilize.
2. Saves your time and physical strength.. Mount the system once during the entire season not to engage in hand-watering.
3. Elimination of the drying of the soil. Her humidity is always quite necessary for plant growth.
4. The System is used for any plant, because it is universal.
5. The Ability to select the optimal variant of the irrigation of the garden beds.

The disadvantages are the cost components of the device drip irrigation: fittings, hoses, tape, metering water pump, filter, etc. For the system must be constantly monitored periodically to remove contamination, to check the flow of water, the valves, etc. the unit is energy-dependent and requires permanent presence of electricity.

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Drip irrigation: the device and working principle

Drip irrigation delivers moisture directly to roots, allowing you to save water and prevent damage to aboveground parts of plants. Water slowly flows in certain periods or continuously to maintain a given level of soil moisture, which has a positive effect on vegetable crops.

Do drip irrigation with his hands: where to begin?

First, the scheme of drip irrigation is drawn on paper, giving all the points of irrigation, location of water source and capacity. Measure the spacing between rows of trees. On the finished dimensions you can easily calculate the number of communications.

If the pump is installed its location can be any, but when watering by gravity capacity is installed closer to the plants.

The beds are laid drip hoses or tape. They built a special dropper that supplies water to the plants.

Before assembling the drip irrigation system, you need to have all the components for irrigation. If you have experience, it is advisable to choose them yourself because watering kits are more expensive.

1. Capacity of water – a barrel or tank.
2. Main distribution header feed water from which it is supplied to the branches.
3. Drip hose or tape.
4. Valves connecting the drip tape to the manifold.

It is Not recommended to use metal containers, since the corrosion leads to clogging of the system. If this cannot be avoided, the device drip irrigation should contain the proper filtration.

Drip hoses

The Hoses are sold in coils. They feature a supply the same amount of water all over the beds, even if the terrain is uneven. The maximum length of irrigation is selected from the calculation to the uneven at the beginning and end of the hose does not exceed 10-15 %. For one season, drip watering vegetable garden is enough to apply the tape with a wall thickness of from 0.1 to 0.3 mm. They are laid only from the top.

Thick-walled (up to 0.8 mm) will last 3-4 season. They can be used also for underground installation. The diameter of the tape is 12 mm to 22 mm (common size - 16 mm). Hard tube last up to 10 seasons. Their diameter is from 14 to 25 mm.

After one drip the water flow rate is:

• Hose - 0,6-8 l/h;
• Thin tape-0,25-2,9 l/h;
• Thick-walled tape – 2-8 l/h.

To control the flow to hose or drip tape connected tap for drip irrigation.

On average 1 plant you need to take 1 liter of water a day, in the bushes - 5 years on tree - 10 l Data are estimates, but to determine the total consumption approach. To be more precise, when there is drip irrigation, for 1 Bush tomatoes require 1.5 l, for cucumbers - 2 l, for potatoes and cabbage - 2.5 liter To the obtained result is added 20-25 % of the stock and identifies the volume of the tank.

Dripper Distance depends on the frequency of planting and can be from 10 to 100 cm. Each of them has one or two outputs. Consumption may remain the same, but in the latter case, reducing the depth and increasing the area of irrigation. On a bed in the 4 series are mounted to the drip-free distribution of up to 4 plants.

Dropper

The IVS can be installed on plastic pipes. They produce several types:

• Fixed water consumption;
• Adjustable - with manual intensity settingirrigation;
• Uncompensated - the water delivery rate is reduced towards the end of the garden;
• Offset - membrane and a special valve that creates a constant pressure in the pressure oscillation in the water;
• Type "spider" - with the distribution on several plants.

External dropper inserted into a plastic pipe in which the pierced awl hole.

Filtering

To clean irrigation water is given special attention. First a coarse filtration and then fine. Dirty water drips quickly clogged.

Purpose fittings

The System can only collect, if you use special fittings for drip irrigation.

1. Start-connectors to attach the drip tape to the plastic water pipe. They are manufactured with rubber seal or the gland nut. In the pipe HDPE drilled hole drill bit for wood with centring tongue and tightly insert start connectors with valves or without them. Regulation of water flow required if separate areas consume less than others or for alternate irrigation of different parts.
2. Fittings for drip irrigation corner or tees are used to connect the tape to a flexible garden hose. They are also used for branching or for turns. Seat fittings are made in the form of ruffs, which provides tight fastening of the tubes.
3. Repair fitting is used in the event of breakage or to extend the drip tape. With it are connected the ends.
4. Plug is installed at the ends of the drip tape.

Installation of the irrigation system of thin ribbons

Garden water breeders join polyethylene pipes with a diameter of 4 cm diameter is best suited to install the start connector – special crane for drip irrigation, an employee for joining a perforated drip tape to the pipe.

It is made with small thickness and is going through the valve. The holes are made at equal intervals. Drip tape is put on the faucet tight, and then additionally fixed by a plastic nut. At the ends of the sleeve are closed by plugs, are sealed or folded.

The Disadvantage is the low strength of the material of the tape which is easily damaged by rodents and insects. All other parameters of the system shows itself only on the positive side.

Installation with tubes and built-in droppers

System features high strength and greater durability. It consists of a tube, which is embedded at equal intervals in a cylindrical dropper. The tube can be placed on the soil surface, mounted on stands, suspended from a wire or to bury in the ground.

The Water under pressure diverges from the tank and smoothly distributed, coming from small holes. It is important that the tank was at a height from the surface 1-1,5 m. From the grower is only required in a timely manner to fill it, after which the fluid is supplied to the plants under the influence of gravity.

How to water the cucumbers?

In the industrial systems of drip irrigation of cucumbers is made with the supply of water to each plant. The depth of the roots is 15-20 cm and to control humidity there are set of tensiometers. For gardeners suitable means, made of plastic bottles. They are mounted on the bottom or closed tube into the ground. The upper part should be open to filling with water.

1. The First method. A drip made from a used rod from a ball pen. It has been washed by solvent from the residues of the paste and drown from the end of the match. At the end, make a puncture at half the thickness of the web. Homemade drip inserted into a puncture made from the bottom of the bottle at a height of 15-20 cm and Then the tank is filled with water and set near the bushes, so that the moisture got to the root.
2. The Second method. In the bottle, make holes along the entire height, departing from the bottom 3-5 cm. Then its buried bottom down to a depth of 20 cm. Tube and twisting through the upper part of the container filled with water. The bottle can be buried upside down, pre-cut the bottom, through which it is convenient to fill it with water. That hole is not clogged with earth, bottle outside wrapped needle-punched fabric used as a covering material of greenhouses.
3. The Third way. Bottles filled with water can be suspended above the ground, punctured holes in the lid.

Bottle drip irrigation of cucumbers convenient in connection with the economy, because there is no need to spend money on materials. The disadvantage is the complexity of installation over large areas. The process of filling with water – troublesome, the openings often become clogged with soil. Despite this, it is possible to see the advantages of drip. Reviews say that in small greenhouses it is quite effective.

A Full watering cucumbers in large greenhouses, it is more convenient to produce through a centralized system with a proprietary IVS.

The Device for drip irrigation: automatic

Automatic watering requires money for equipment, but in the end will be saved much time and harvest covering the costs. The most important component of the system is the controller or timer that does not require human intervention. The last set onlythe frequency and duration of irrigation. The timer is Electromechanical or electrical. Controller you can set the watering program, which takes into account the pressure in the system, set watering cycles by days and takes into account the humidity and temperature.

For simple systems of drip irrigation scheme provides for the presence of single-channel devices and complex circuit the number of channels may require more. Judging by the reviews, experienced gardeners prefer to apply a few simple timers, working on individual programs.

Not to depend on energy source, it is advisable to purchase the device, running from a few AA batteries.

Automatic drip irrigation from the water often requires a pump. Its capacity should match the consumption. The mechanism should be simple, not very noisy and is resistant to chemical compounds which are often used in the system as fertilizer.

Conclusion

Despite the fact that surface irrigation is most common, sometimes the lack of favourable conditions, water scarcity and energy saving result in the need to apply a device of drip irrigation. The choice depends on the climate, landscapes, types of crops, and other factors.

It is Important to design and install a drip irrigation system to reduce the chances of failure, and not to waste time on repair and maintenance.