Kapustin Yar (Astrakhan region): the story of polygon

The Kapustin Yar (Astrakhan region) – Russian Central military inter-service missile range. He is one of the oldest sites of importance. The story of the Russian strategic missile shield began with the district of Kapustin Yar. At the same time, this area is still exploratory, test center and spaceport.

Polygon

The Kapustin Yar (Astrakhan oblast) Began to be created after the second world war, when Soviet scientists gained access to German technology. Despite the fact that the Soviet Union got only the remains of technical documentation, it was enough to start playing missile V 1 and 2.

In may 1946, the Soviet leadership adopted a decision about creation of the specialized site for testing. As a result, for these purposes was selected near the village of Kapustin Yar. The first leader of the polygon was assigned to V. I. Voznyuk, Lieutenant-General of artillery. He supervised the facility for 27 years. The site was named after the village of Kapustin Yar.

The Secrecy of the object

When his coast military landed with the first load, no one knew about the creation of the Soviet cosmodrome. Information about the aims and objectives of the polygon was classified, and even the local authorities received orders from the leadership to provide all possible assistance to military arriving in their resettlement.

The seriousness of the object became clear when I changed the border villages and the relocation of 200 families to other areas. People got good at the time of compensation. The resettlement ended in 1949, Many of the remaining residents received the group calculation, KECH and the service sector. Some went to enlist.

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Initially, the test object Kapustin Yar (Astrakhan region) had only a concrete bench. In 1947 was built:

• Bunker;
• Launch pad;
• A temporary service center;
• Bridge;
• Mounting station;
• Storage under rocket fuel.

Some time later there was a highway and railway connecting the object with Stalingrad (now Volgograd). Life on the ground was very heavy. People lived in mud huts and tents, standing in the bare steppe. The range management huddled in the car of the special train. The first real houses were built only in 1948,

First test

In the Fall of 1947 in Kapustin Yar (Astrakhan region) was held the first test. Was the start of the first ballistic missile of the Soviet Union. The tests were successful, the shell hit the desired square. Rocket space Soviet era was opened 10.10.1948 In a short time there is a new weapon for the Soviet armed forces. Within 10 years, the village of Kapustin Yar (Astrakhan region) Was the only place to test ballistic missiles.

At the same time the landfill began to be used to run geophysical and meteorological rockets. In 1951, from Baikonur launched the first series of missiles, on Board of which were dogs. Since 1956 began testing missiles and nuclear weapons. At the same time the landfill is increasingly developing. Built new technical and launch complexes, increased research, etc.

Spaceport

In the early 60-ies of the object Kapustin Yar (Astrakhan oblast) was prepared for the beginning of space exploration. The status of the spaceport, the landfill received in March 1962, Then into Earth orbit was launched the first Soviet satellite. In 1969, the spaceport has received international status. From the landfill was sent to the Indian space satellites. Over time, the runs began to decline, until stopped.

In 1987, the landfill was discontinued all the tests, and the country's leadership has preserved the facility for 10 years. Its revival began only in 1998, Again began testing the missile launch and research facilities. In 2007 she was tested cruise missile, and in 2011 – PTRC «Iskander-M».

In 2015, the Defense Ministry of Russia announced the imminent tests of robotic systems. Started preparatory work and modernization of transmission systems. Planned tests of combat robotsystem who should be responsible for the beacons, signal devices, etc.

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