MCC is... and World culture. MHC: the Renaissance

It is Difficult to disagree with how important role in the history of any period of art. Judge for yourself: in history lessons at school after every topic devoted to the study of the political and economic situation in the world in a particular time period, students are encouraged to prepare reports on the art of this period.

The school aware of relatively recently, there is such a thing as MCC. It is absolutely no coincidence, because any work of art is one of the clearest reflections of the time in which it was created, and allows you to look at the history of the world through the eyes of the Creator, who gave this work to life.

Definition of culture

World culture, or abbreviated MCC, – it is a form of public culture, which is based on imagery and creative reproduction of society and people and also of animate and inanimate nature through the tools used by professional art and folk art culture. It is also the phenomena and processes of spiritual-practical activity of producing, distributing and mastering the material objects and works of art that have aesthetic value. World culture includes paintings, sculptures, architectural heritage and monuments of decorative art, as well as the diversity created by the people and its individual members works.

The Role of MHC as a subject

During the course of world culture is provided as a broad integration and understanding of culture primarily with historical events of any time period, as well as social Sciences.

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As mentioned earlier, world art culture covers the entire art activity ever dealt with. This literature, theatre, music, visual art. We study all the processes associated with the creation and storage of and the dissemination, creation and evaluation of cultural heritage. Do not stay aside the problems associated with ensuring the continued cultural life of the community and training in the universities of qualified personnel.

As a subject MHC is the appeal to the artistic culture and not to its individual types.

The Concept of a cultural era

Cultural era, or cultural paradigm, is a complex multifactorial phenomenon that contains in itself an image as a specific person living at a particular time and performing the activities and community of people with the same life, the life mood and thinking, system of values.

Cultural paradigms succeed each other, the result is a kind of natural-cultural interaction through a selection of traditional and innovative components, which carries the art. As MCC training course aims to study these processes.

What is the Renaissance

One of the most significant periods in the development of culture is the Renaissance, or the Revival of a reign which had in the XIII-XVI centuries and marked the advent of a New time. The greatest influence been the sphere of artistic creation.

After a period of decline in the Middle ages, art blooms, and revived the ancient art of wisdom. At this time, and in the value “revival” used the Italian word rinascita later appear numerous counterparts in European languages, including French Renaissance. All artistic creativity, primarily visual arts, becoming a universal “language”, which allows you to know the mysteries of nature and to approach her. The master reproduces nature not arbitrarily, but in striving for maximum naturalness, trying to outdo the Almighty. Starts today we have a sense of beauty, science and knowledge of God all the time find common ground. During the Renaissance, art becomes a laboratory and a temple.

Periodization

The Revival is divided into several time periods. In Italy-the birthplace of the Renaissance – has been selected several periods for a long time have been used worldwide. This proto-Renaissance through (1260-1320), was partially included in the period of ducenta (XIII century). In addition, there were periods trecento (XIV century), Quattrocento (XV century), the Cinquecento (XVI century).

A More General periodization divides the era of the Early Renaissance (XIV-XV centuries). At this time, the interaction of new trends with the Gothic style, which creatively transformed. Followed by periods of Average or High, and Late Renaissance, a special place which is given to mannerism, characterized by the crisis of humanistic Renaissance culture.

Also in countries such as France and the Netherlands, is developing so-called Northern Renaissance, where a huge role is played by the late Gothic. The story says MHC, the Revival has been reflected in Eastern Europe: the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary and the Scandinavian countries. Spain, UK and Portugal have become countries with their usual distinctive Renaissance culture.

Philosophy andreligious components of the Revival

Using reflections of such representatives of philosophy of this period, like Giordano Bruno, Nicholas of Cusa, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, and Paracelsus, become relevant MHC themes of spiritual work, and fight for the title of the individual "second God" and to associate men with him.

Relevant as at all times, the problem of consciousness and personality, faith in God and a higher power. Take place as a compromise-moderate and heretical views on the question.

A Man faces a choice, and reform of the Church in this time implies a Renaissance not only in the framework of the MHC. This is also the restoration of human morality, promoted through performances of leaders of all religious denominations: from the founders of the reformation to the Jesuits.

The Main task of the era. A few words about humanism

At the forefront in the Renaissance is the education of the new man. The Latin word humanitas, from which the word “humanism”, is the equivalent of the Greek word “education”.

Within the framework of Renaissance humanism calls man to master the important to the time of ancient wisdom and find the path to self-knowledge and self-improvement. Here there is a confluence of all the best that could offer other periods who left their mark in the MCC. The Renaissance took the ancient heritage of antiquity, the religious and the secular code of honour of the middle Ages, creative energy and the human mind of a New Time, creating a brand new and seemingly perfect type of worldview.

The Renaissance in various fields of artistic activity

During this period illusory-naturopathie picture replacing icons, becoming a center of innovation. Actively written landscapes, home painting, portrait. Distributed printing engraving on metal and wood. Working artists ' sketches become an independent kind of creativity. Picture the illusion is present in monumental painting.

In architecture under the influence of passion architects idea centric popular are proportional to the temples, palaces and architectural ensembles, with a focus on earth centric perspective-organized ranks.

Literature of the Renaissance is characterized by a love for Latin as the language of educated people, adjacent to the national and traditional languages. Popular genres such as the picaresque novel and the urban novel, the heroic poems and medieval romances adventurous and knightly themes, satire, pastoral, and love poems. At the peak of popularity of drama theatres put on plays with an abundance of city festivals and lush courtly extravaganzas that become a product for a colorful synthesis of various arts.

In music is the flowering of strict musical polyphony. The complexity of compositional techniques, the emergence of the first forms of sonatas, operas, suites, oratorios and overtures. Secular music close to folk, becomes on a par with the religious. The separation of instrumental music as a separate species, but the peak of the era - the creation of a fully-fledged solo songs, operas and oratorios. In place of the temple comes the Opera, which was the centre of musical culture.

In General, the main breakthrough is that once medieval anonymity gives way to individual, the work of the author. In this regard, world culture goes to a new level.

The Titans of the Renaissance

It is Not surprising that such a fundamental revival of the art is actually from the ashes could not take place without those people who created his creations in a new culture. Later they began to be called “giants” for the contribution which they have made.

The proto-Renaissance through Giotto represented, and in the period of the Quattrocento were opposed to each other constructively simply by Masaccio and sincere lyrical work of Angelico and Botticelli.

The Secondary, or High, the Revival was represented by Raphael, Michelangelo and of course Leonardo da Vinci - artists, which was significant at the turn of the New time.

The Famous architects of the Renaissance began, Bramante, Brunelleschi and Palladio. Bruegel the Elder, Bosch and van Eyck – painters of the Dutch Renaissance. Holbein the Younger, Durer, Cranach the Elder became the founders of the German Renaissance.

The Literature of this period remembers the names of such masters,"titans" like Shakespeare, Petrarch, Cervantes, Rabelais, gave the world the lyric, the novel and drama, as well as contribute to the formation of the literary languages of their countries.

Sure, the Renaissance has contributed to the development of many fields in the arts and gave impetus to the creation of new. It is unknown what would be the history of world culture, if that period does not exist. Maybe classical art today would not cause such admiration, most of the trends in literature, music and painting would not have existed. Maybe what we are accustomed to associate classical art, there would be, but for many years or even centuries later. Whatever the course of events, history does not tolerate subjunctive mood. And obviously only one thing: even today, we admire the works of this era, and this proves itthe significance in the cultural life of society.