Jan Matejko: biography, paintings

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2018-03-24 02:43:16

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Jan Matejko played an important role as a great artist in my country and the history of art in Poland. The founder of the public schools of historical painting, Matejko is on a par with the great foreign painters of the nineteenth century.

Jan Matejko

Childhood

Born Ian little Alois Matejko 24 June in the city of Krakow in 1838. Family Jan was the ninth child. His father, in 1807 settled in Poland, the Czech immigrant Francis Xavier Matejko. In Galicia, he arrived as a music teacher and earned mostly private lessons. Later moved to Krakow, where he met a wonderful woman who later became his wife, mother of Ian, Joan, Carolina Rossberg who was born in the German-Polish family involved in the craft business. In the family of Xavier and Joanna were born eleven children. At the age of seven, Ian is going through a terrible loss of beloved mother – she's dying. After her death, the upbringing of children engaged sister Joanna. Small Yan suffers greatly from lack of attention, it strongly affects the formation of his personality. The ability to draw the boy began to manifest itself from a young age, despite the fact that the father did not share his passion for drawing.

Youth

At the age of thirteen, Alois Jan Matejko received in the city of Krakow school of fine arts for further study. He studies the history of life, making sketches of architectural structures, sculptures, historical monuments, sketching the Polish princes and kings, interested in Polish history of costume. In 1858, Jan Matejko gets a scholarship to study at the Munich art Academy. There begins the study of the paintings of the famous creators of art, to the admiration of his lead paintings of Paul Delaroche, Karl Theodor von Piloty (his disciple), who wrote the famous historical paintings. It is this knowledge determines the direction of the future works of Jan Matejko.

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In 1859, young Alois, Jan Matejko's painting a picture “the Poisoning of Queen Bona” and publishes the work of ‘Polish costume”. In the published work depicts people dressed in historical costumes, in future work it will be to use experience. Due to conflicts with the teachers he has to complete his brief studies at the art Academy. After his return in 1860 Jan Matejko starts in his hometown of Krakow.

Shortly after his return to twenty-four age Matejko creates one of his famous works called “Stanczyk" (1862). The painting depicts a brooding sorrowful the court jester, amid the feasting of the ball. Since 1873, the artist Jan Matejko headed the art school in Krakow, which runs until the end of his life.

Jan Matejko painting

Family

With his future wife, Theodora, Chebotovskaya Ian was familiar from early childhood, her family became his support at a time when he experienced loss of his mother. To Pauline Chebotovskaya, mother Theodora, Yang belonged to the mother of the mother. Theodore liked him since childhood, but she felt no warm feelings for him. But in 1863 after all the young people closer together, and in the autumn of the next year begin preparing for their wedding.

In 1864, the twenty-first of November, the wedding of Jan Matejko and Teodora Chebotovskaya. After the wedding the young went to Paris, after the trip he will sketch a portrait of the beloved “portrait of the wife in wedding dress”. In their family are born two sons, Jerzy and Tadeusz, two daughters - Helena and Beata. The fifth child will be a daughter Regina, who dies in infancy. Helena is interested in art and will continue the path of her father: she becomes the artist.

Muse. Theodor Chebotovskaya

Theodore was a very selfish and jealous of special, invented all kinds of tricks, adventures, in order to strengthen its position in the role of a Muse of the artist. Almost all the outlines of women on the works of Matejko remind Theodore. In 1876, when Theodore is in the journey, the master secretly begins work on a canvas called "Housekeeper". For a picture of him posing Stanislaus, who is the niece of Theodora. Return of Theodore was beside himself with anger, after a violent quarrel, she leaves him and leaves for a while to his mother Pauline Chebotovskaya. Later she did come back to her husband, but unbeknown to him, will destroy a self-portrait in a wedding dress, and later Yang will restore the picture. Since then, the family will reign cold and strained relationship.

Illness of his wife and the death of the Creator

In the late winter of 1882, Theodora mental condition much worse and she has to go to Psychiatric The clinic for treatment. After one and a half years in hospital, Theodor returns home but is still under the watchful supervision of doctors. The first of November, 1893, after a severe internal bleeding, died Jan Matejko. His wife Theodora is located near the bedside of the dying husband. She could not recover from the death of a spouse. Theodore dies in 1896 in April. She is buried with her husband.

The Path of the Creator

Around the age of thirty, Jan Alois Matejko has received international fame and universal recognition. In 1865 his painting “the Preaching of Scary” awarded the gold award at the Paris exhibition held annually, late work will be sold to the countMaurizio Potocki. A year later, at the show in Paris Jan Matejko again awarded the gold award of the first category for his work “Reitan at the diet 1773”. It later becomes the Emperor of Austria Franz Joseph. His next major work becomes «Union of Lublin», written in 1867–1869.

Painter Matejko constantly under financial strain, due to the fact that his work, he often gives away to rich friends or sold them for next to nothing. Ian was very generous and supported the poor. The year 1863 * the signified the gifts of the artist: canvas «Jan Sobieski near Vienna” transferred to the Pope, and many of his famous works was granted to Poland, "Jeanne D’Arc” received the gift of France.

 Jan Matejko artworks

In 1873 the great artist offered to stand at the head of the Academy of arts in Prague, followed by an offer from the hometown Alois Jan Matejko, Krakow, and he becomes the head of the school of fine arts. In it, he began his training in the arts. Yang without hesitation becomes the head of the school of arts in his hometown. He worked there until the end of his life. Despite a leadership position, Matejko continues to write great picture. 1878 was * the signified-known large-scale work of the Creator "the battle”.

The Great works of the artist

He worked constantly, and every few years the light appears a new picture. The main paintings of Jan Matejko:

  • From 1862 to 1869 - “Stanczyk”, “the Preaching of Scary”, “Reitan. The decline of Poland”, “the Union of Lublin”.
  • From 1870 to 1878. “the Death of king Sigismund II in Knysna”, “Stefan Batory at Pskov”, “Copernicus. A conversation with God”, “the death of the king přemysl II”, “the battle”.

artist Jan Matejko

  • From 1882 to 1891. “the Prussian homage”, “Jeanne d’Arc”, “Kosciuszko under Racławice”, “the Constitution of may 3”.

Painter Jan Matejko Alois wrote not only great memorable paintings, but also worked on a huge number of portraits of his family, friends, the rectors of the Jagiellonian University, and many others. He wrote about 320 paintings and thousands of sketches and drawings. His works are exhibited in many museums.

Jan Matejko, “Stanczyk" (1862)

In 1862 Matejko finishes the painting, which brought him fame - “Stanczyk”. This beautiful creation tells the story of the Polish jester, who served at the court of the monarchs Alexander Jagiellon, Sigismund I the Old, Sigismund II Augustus. This work shows the deepest feelings of the jester sitting alone amid feasting Bala, sadness amid the celebration. Thoughtful face expression Stanczyk talks about his bitter feelings about the loss of border fortresses in Poland in 1514 Smolensk. About the jester set is not a lot of data. He was born in the village Proszowice, near Krakow. Made at the court of the special status for his eloquence and wit. Stanczyk skillfully used its special status at the court and ruthlessly criticized the policies of the rulers. This painting is in the National Museum of Warsaw.

Jan Matejko Stanczyk 1862

Painting "the battle" of the year 1878

After the defeat of the uprising in January 1864 the excitement that engulfed Polish society, allowed the Creator to change the stance of my artistic reasoning. The wizard begins to create ambitious large-scale paintings showing historical political and military conquest of Poland. Painting in 1872-1878. the Painting by Jan Matejko "the battle” shows the fateful conquest of the Polish Kingdom and Lithuanian Principality in 1410 over the Teutonic order. Losing the battle scenes, the artist shows an entire era, concentrated on that important moment. This work is also stored at the National Museum of Warsaw.

Jan Matejko battle of Grunwald

Jan Matejko, “the death of the king přemysl II" of the year 1875

On this picture, painted in 1875, depicts the tragic story of the death of the Polish king. The tragedy happened a year after the coronation of Przemysl II, the eighth of February 1296. In memory of this tragic event Jan Matejko creates a picture, which recreates a piece of historical drama that occurred in his native Poland. Przemysl II was killed immediately after carnival celebrations. Sent by the Brandenburg electors and the great Polish nobility killer kidnapped the wounded king, but during his escape he decided that he was a burden and left him to die on the road.

Many historians before our time in the confusion of such a mysterious death of the king. Many believe his death was punishment for the strange death of his first wife. The painting "the Death of king přemysl II" is in the gallery of modern art in Zagreb.

Jan Matejko death of king přemysl ii

We examined the major works of the great painter Jan Matejko Alois. His work occupied a significant niche in art. The artist's name forever inscribed in the pages of the history of Poland and not only. It is the Creator whose works inspire to achieve new masterpieces of many artists.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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