Criticism about the novel "Fathers and children". The I. S. Turgeneva's novel "Fathers and children" in the critical reviews

"Fathers and children", which is usually associated with the work "Rudin", published in 1855, is a novel in which Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev returned to the structure of this first of his creation.

As in, in "Fathers and sons" all the plot strands converged to one centre, which formed the figure of Bazarov, the plebeian Democrat. She has worried all critics and readers. Wrote a lot of different criticism on the novel "Fathers and children" because the work caused great interest and controversy. Basic positions concerning this affair we will present you in this article.

The importance of the image of Bazarov in the understanding of the work

Bazaars was not only the plot center works, but also problematic. From the understanding of its fate and identity depend largely rating of the other parties of the novel Turgenev: author's position, system of characters, various art techniques used in the novel "Fathers and children". Chapters reviewed criticism of this novel, and saw it as a new twist in the works of Ivan Sergeevich, although completely different was their understanding of the meaning of this landmark work.

What scolded Turgenev?

The Ambivalent attitude of the author towards his subject resulted in a censure and reproaches of his contemporaries. Turgenev was severely scolded on all sides. Criticism about the novel "Fathers and children" responded mostly negatively. Many readers could not understand the author's idea. From the memoirs of Annenkov and Ivan Sergeevich, we learn that M. N. Rollers come in indignation, reading the manuscript of "Fathers and sons" Chapter by Chapter. He was outraged that the main character works completely dominates and doesn't meet anywhere sensible resistance. Readers and critics opposite camp also severely rebuked Ivan Sergeevich internal dispute which he had with Bazarov in his novel "Fathers and children". Content it seemed to them not quite democratic.

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Most notable among the many other interpretations are article M. A. Antonovich, published in the "Sovremennik" ("Asmodeus our time"), as well as a number of articles that appeared in the journal "Russian word" (democratic), owned by Peru of D. I. Pisarev: "Thinking proletariat", the "Realists", "Bazarov". These critics on the novel "Fathers and children" presented two opposing views.

Opinion Pisarev about the main character

Unlike Antonovich, who assessed very negatively Bazarov, Pisarev saw in him a real "hero of time". This critic has compared this image with the "new people" depicted in the novel "What to do?" N. G. Chernyshevsky.

The Theme of "fathers and sons" (the relationship of the generations) in his articles came to the fore. Expressed by the representatives of the democratic direction, divergent views about Turgenev's work has been perceived as a "schism in the nihilists" - the fact of an internal debate that existed in the democratic movement.

A. about Bazarova

And readers, and critics of "Fathers and children" worried no coincidence two questions about the author's position and on the prototypes of the images of this novel. They constitute the two poles, which are interpreted and perceived any work. The conviction Antonovich, Turgenev was malicious. In the interpretation of Bazarov represented by this critic, this image is not written off "from nature" person and "evil spirit", "Asmodeus", which is released angry at the new generation of writer.

In a satirical manner designed article Antonovich. This critic is to present an objective analysis of the works created on the main hero of the cartoon, substituting Sitnikov, student Bazarov, the place of his teacher. Bazarov, according to Antonovich, is not artistic generalization, not a mirror reflecting the younger generation. The critic thought that the author of the novel has created a biting satirical article, who objected should in the same manner. The goal of PR is to "quarrel" with the younger generation Turgenev was achieved.

What they could not forgive Turgenev Democrats?

A. in the subtext of his unfair and rude of the article accused the author that he got the figure, which is too recognized as one of the prototypes is a DOB. Journalists "Contemporary", in addition, could not forgive the author of break with this journal. The novel "Fathers and children" was published in "Russian Gazette", a conservative publication that was for them to sign final break Ivan Sergeevich democracy.

Markets in "real criticism"

Pisarev was expressed another point of view about the main character works. He considered it not as a caricature of some individuals, and as a representative of emerging at the time of a new socio-ideological type. This criticism is less interested in the attitude of the author towards his subject, and various features of artistic realization of the image. Pisarev, interpreted Bazarov in the spirit of the so-called real critics. He pointed to the fact that the author made in his image was biased, but the type was evaluated Pisarev high as the "hero of time". In the article called "Bazaars" talk about what is depicted in the novel the main character, presented as "a tragic face", is a new type, which was not enough literature. Further interpretations of this criticism of Bazarov broke away more of the novel itself. For example, in the article "Thinking proletariat" and the "Realists" in the name of "Bazaars" was named type of the era, the plebeian-the culture, the worldview which is most close to Pisarev.

Allegations of bias

Objective, calm tone of Turgenev in the image of the hero contradicted the accusations of bias. "Fathers and sons" is Turgenev a kind of "duel" with the nihilists and nihilism, but the author has met all the requirements of "code of honor": he respected the enemy in a fair fight "killing" him. Bazarov as a symbol of dangerous misconceptions, according to Ivan Sergeevich, is a worthy opponent. The mockery and caricature image, in which he accused the author of some critics, it was not used because it could give a completely opposite result, namely the underestimation of the forces of nihilism that is destructive. Nihilists sought to put lucanero in the place of "eternal." Turgenev, Recalling his work on the way, Yevgeny Bazarov wrote M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in 1876 on the novel "Fathers and children", history of which many were interested in that, it is not surprising why for the main part of the readers of this hero remains a mystery, because the author can't quite imagine how to write it. Turgenev said that he knows only one thing: it was not in it then no trend, no bias thoughts.

The Position of Turgenev

Criticism about the novel "Fathers and sons" spoke mostly one-sided, gave a sharp estimate. Meanwhile, Turgenev, as in his previous novels, avoids comment, not to draw conclusions, deliberately conceals the inner world of his hero in order not to put pressure on the readers. The conflict of the novel "Fathers and children" is not on the surface. Interpreted as straightforward critic Antonovich and Pisarev completely ignored the author's position is manifested in the composition of the plot, in the character of conflict. That they implemented the concept of the fate of Bazarov, the author of works of "Fathers and children", the imagery of which is still debated by various researchers.

Eugene in disputes with Pavel Petrovitch unshakable, but after the difficult "test of love" internally broken. The author emphasizes "cruelty", the reasoning of the beliefs of this hero, and the relationship between all components that make up his world. Bazarov is a maximalist, whose opinion has value any belief, if it is not in contradiction with the other. Cost this character to lose one link in the chain of the world - have been reassessed and challenged all the others. In the final, this is the "new" Bazaars, which is "hamlet" among the nihilists.