High alloy steel: a description, the technology of welding, marking and features

Nowadays it is rather difficult to overestimate the importance of metallurgy products, which are widely used in industry, construction, the manufacture of Housewares, household use. But particularly noteworthy are alloy steels, without which a large number of industries (machine building, petrochemical, energy, food, manufacturing of special designs, the main purpose of which is to work in an aggressive environment) would be unable to perform its basic functions.

The question Arises: what is alloy steel, its alloys? What is the classification of alloying elements? What are the basic characteristics and properties of high-alloy steel? On these and some other questions we will try to fully answer in our article.

What is alloy steel?

Let's first find out what constitutes this metal. Alloy steel – An alloy of iron with carbon, which is composed of special elements that affect the main mechanical and physical properties of the final products of metallurgical industry. Elements that are added to the basic composition of the alloy, called alloy. Chromium, Nickel, vanadium, manganese, copper – their primary group.

Types

There is a classification of alloying elements, which is based on their percentage content in the alloy:

• High steel – 10-50 %.
• Medium alloy – 2,5-10 %.
• Low – up to 2.5 %.

Types: high alloy steel alloys

Let us Consider another interesting point. High-alloy steel and its alloys also have a classification. Each of the following types is used in certain conditions:

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• Heat-Resistant or heat-resistant steel.
• Corrosion resistant.

On the Basis of the percentage content of the alloying element, the following types:

• Chromatorgraphy steel.
• Stainless.
• Chrome.

Using high-alloyed steels

Where is this metal used? High-alloy steel and their alloys are essential components in the manufacture of various products. The following industries cannot do without their use:

• Chemical.
• Oil industry.
• Mechanical engineering.
• Construction.
• Fabrication of structures, the main purpose of which is to work in aggressive conditions (high temperature gradients).

The Addition of alloying elements allows to achieve certain mechanical properties. Therefore, high-alloy steel is used as cold-resistant component. Especially often this metal is found in engineering. The most popular are high-alloy austenitic steel the composition of which alloy component is about 55 %, and the rest – iron, chromium (about 18 %), Nickel (8 %). The alloying components of such a composition determines the destination of manufactured products.

The Use of corrosion-resistant steel

Corrosion-resistant high-alloy steel used in the gas or alkaline acid. A characteristic difference is reduced carbon content – approximately 0.12 percent. Further alloying and heat treatment allow to obtain a special alloy that can withstand the aggressive conditions of a gas or liquid environment.

The Use of steels containing tungsten or molybdenum at the level of 7% and the boron, allows to work at temperatures up to 1100 degrees. Tungsten and molybdenum-elements that are related to reinforcers. To improve the oxidation resistance of products as alloying elements are added to silicon or aluminum. Such structures can be used as heating elements or a furnace.

Main characteristics of metal

High-alloy steel has properties and characteristics that enable more widespread use of manufactured products. Such steels have the following characteristics:

• Strength (achieved through heat treatment).
• Corrosion resistance.
• Resistance to deformation processes.
• Ductility (in comparison to the carbon steel plasticity at times more).
• Namagnichennosti (steel used in mechanical engineering).
• Elasticity.
• Staying power.
• Weldability.

Due to the fact that the formula of the alloy is different, properties are obtained is varied. The structure is easily changed through heat treatment and alloying components. Thus, it is possible to obtain properties that are required under the terms of the project. For example, high alloyed 18 % chromium steel can be composed of Nickel, which gives you the opportunity to obtain corrosion resistance and cold brittleness.

The welding of high-alloyed steels allows to obtain products that can be used in any climatic conditions. This method of shtampovki allows you to use the final product to critically low temperatures-to minus 253 degrees Celsius.Special processing of silicon allows to obtain ferrosilite that can operate in strong acids (nitric, phosphoric, etc.).

High-alloy steel is characterized by hardness, high abrasion ability. So, acid-resistant materials are – C15 and C17, and chromium, vanadium and manganese increases the wear resistance of the alloy.

Types of high-alloyed steels in thermal properties

On the Basis of thermal performance, there is the following classification:

• Platinum (ЭН42) – used for the production of electrodes used in incandescent lamps. This is because the expansion coefficient is the same as that of glass.
• Elinvar (Х8Н36) – ideal for watch springs and instruments. This is because the modulus of elasticity is permanent and is not destroyed at temperatures from -50 to +100 degrees Celsius.
• Invar (И36) – used for the production of standards and calibration items, since the expansion coefficient is equal to zero.

An Interesting property of corrosion of steel (only high-alloy stainless steel) is magnitnoi. Distinction is therefore made between non-magnetic and magnetic types of such metals. The first is divided into soft magnetic and hard magnetic subspecies, and the latter are composed of cobalt, chromium.

GOST: high-alloy steel

The Requirements for such a durable heat-resistant metals and alloys are governed by special standards, namely GOST 5632-72.

Brand high-alloyed steels

The Most popular and known are the following grades of steel:

• Ferrite: 15KH28, 12X17, 08KH18T1, 15KH25T, 08kh18tch, 10KH13SJU.
• Martensitic: 15KH11MF, 40KH9S2, 18KH11MNFB, 40KH10S2M, 95X18, 25KH13N2, 20KH17N2, 13KH11N2V2MF, 40X13, 20X13, 20KH17N2, 13KH14N3V2FR.
• Austenitic-martensitic: 07KH16N6, 08KH17N5M3, 08KH17N6T, 09KH17N7JU1.
• Austenitic-ferritic: 08KH21N6M2T, 08KH22N6T, 08KH20N14S2, 20Х23Н13, 12H21N5T, 03KH22N6M2.
• Martensitic-ferritic: 12H13, 18KH12VMBFR, 14KH17N2, 15KH12VNMF.
• Austenitic: 05KH18N10T, 45KH22N4M3, 45Х14НМВ2М, 10KH14G14N4T, 03KH18N10T, 08KH16N13M2B, 12Х18Н12Т, 03Х18Н12, 03KH16N15M3B, 10KH11N23T3MR, 20H23N18, 10KH11N20T2R, 12KH18N9T, 12H18N9, 20KH25N20S2.

The Use of alloy steel grades:

• 40X13, 30X13 – used for carburetor needles, springs for vehicles, surgical instruments.
• 12X17 – high alloy steel used for making kitchen utensils or household items.
• 20X13, 12H13, 08KH13 – used for the manufacture of elements for hydraulic installations, designs that work in slightly aggressive conditions.
• 95X18 – used for the production of very hard steel ball bearings.