Cabbage is called third bread. It is appreciated for nutritional value, diet medicinal properties. Cabbage is not afraid of frost, it can grow even in the Northern areas outdoors. The greatest demand is for the cabbage. How to grow Queen of the North field, but was she, as the peasant saying, sounded in the old days during landing, “stout, not long-legged”?
Varieties and hybrids
Choosing the seeds, you must determine the shelf life of cabbages and decide how they will be used for fresh consumption or for pickling.
“Shuttle service F”, “Dumas F”, “malachite F”, “dawn F”, “the groom F”, “the dawn”, “June” - early maturing hybrids and varieties. The maturing period of 40-60 days after transplanting. Cabbage intended for the fresh consumption. During maturation, they do not crack. Plants resistant to pathogens "black leg" and kila.
“Menza F”, “Anniversary F”, “midor F”, “Glory 1305”, “Dobrovodskiy” - middle-cabbage, suitable for storage and fermentation. From transplanting before the harvest is 90-120 days.
“Kruman F”, “Kruman”, “Geneva F”, “AROS, F”, “Turkis”, “Amager" - late maturing hybrids and varieties. Maturation period-120 to 140 days. Cabbages can be stored for a long time, suitable for pickling.
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Cabbage: planting and care
Dry the seeds for fifteen minutes, pour water, warmed to a temperature of 50 OC. Then the minute you put them in cold water. Then, drain it, soak the seeds for 12 hours in a solution of any compound fertilizers: in a glass of water taken half a teaspoon of fertilizer. The seeds are then washed with cold water and put them on the clock on the middle shelf of the refrigerator. These procedures need to speed up germination and increase resistance to cold. After hardening are dried seeds and start sowing in a prepared the new plantation, filled with special soil. The composition of the soil: equal volumes of humus, peat and sand. In a bucket of soil mix in one tablespoon of granules of superphosphate and three tablespoons of ash wood. For growing seedlings should not take vegetable earth or humus – they can be pathogens, which fears the cabbage.
How to grow seedlings? In shallow drawers, a notch depth of less than one centimeter of the seeds are sown at a distance of one centimeter from each other. Before the advent of the gatherings, for three or four days, a box set on the windowsill, where the temperature is 18-20 OC. a Box with seedlings stand in a cool (not higher than 8 OC) and light place, that the seedlings are not stretched. Ten-day seedlings dive into cups with a diameter and depth not less than 8 inches with the same soil, spilling pre-solution of potassium permanganate (in a bucket of water take 1 gram of crystals). Bury the seedlings up to the cotyledon leaves. Two or three days until the seedlings won't survive suitable for her temperature is 17-18 OC. Gradually the temperature was lowered to 3-4 OC. After twenty days, healthy seedlings should appear three leaves. Permanent plot planted plants with 4-5 leaves, not counting the cotyledon. Need for 15 days before planting to start hardening seedlings by light and low temperature (5-6 O) - seedling stand in the air.
Sowing: for early varieties - from the middle of March, for medium and late varieties - with April 10.
Proper watering (warm water) with aeration, top dressing (at seedling stage - 2) complex fertilizer with microelements (watering of leechki on the leaves) - that's what loves little cabbage.
How to grow it in a fixed place? Abundant watering with warm water (18 O) in the mornings or the evenings, every three days for two weeks in a row in half a bucket of water per square meter of soil, and then once a week the bucket of water on square metre of soil. Abundantly watered cabbage when tying a fork. Care includes mandatory hoeing between the rows once a week after watering or rain, and hoeing 20 days after planting and every 10 days thereafter. You should treat the cabbage with a dressing during vegetation period four times. First feeding - a solution of mullein (0,5 : 10), which is poured at the root. Ten days later, the plants fed with the same solution of mullein with the addition of one tablespoon rastvorin or crystalline. The third feeding is necessary for late cabbage in June: two tablespoons of superphosphate and trace elements the pill is dissolved in 10 liters of water per square meter of soil. In August each square meter of area with late cabbage feed nitrophoska (one tablespoon per 10 liters of water).
How to grow cabbage healthy
The culture is necessary to take an open level place. Remember crop rotation, the best predecessors — root vegetables, garlic, onions, cucumbers, beans, and grains. Cabbage the cabbage is planted only five years (will not Killa is a dangerous disease). Planted seedlings in cloudy weather and the first week for the plants to create a protection burdock leaves, pine sprigs. Very useful for spraying cabbage from watering.
About the pests of cabbage and fight with them
Many of the pests may be affected cabbage. How to grow it, and protect plants from diseases and pests is not too difficult. But if this is not done, the harvest can be ruined on a root.
To combat the “black leg" - in this condition the young seedlings thinning the stem at the soil level and the stalk darkens – it was the time to cease watering, to treat injuries with a solution of manganese and sprinkle them with ash or chalk.
Against cruciferous flea beetles will help the neighborhood cabbage, tomatoes, onions, garlic. To get rid of this pest is possible by treating plants with extracts of tobacco, ash, garlic, leaves of tomatoes and potatoes. In a bucket of water heated to a temperature of 25 OMust take a glass scrolled in a meat grinder of garlic, greens, a glass of ash and tobacco Smoking, stir, strain, pour in a tablespoon of liquid soap and immediately start spraying the plants.
From cabbage fly will help to get rid of the infusion of tobacco. 200 grams of tobacco and a tablespoon of soap and pour a bucket of hot water. You then cool the solution and to shed them the soil around the plants. You can sprinkle soil repellent with a mixture of ash and tobacco dust (100 grams of each substance) with the addition of red chili pepper, ground (1 teaspoon). Immediately after this it is necessary to loosen the soil.
Against snails and slugs - lovers to feast on the juicy leaves are used from time to time, dusting the soil around the plants using a gauze bag wood ashes, which are good to add pepper (black or red), dry mustard, fine table salt. To pollinate the plants should be in the heat, after pollination, you need to loosen the soil. After five days, this procedure should be repeated.
For getting rid of aphids need to process the underside of the leaves infusion of tobacco dust with ash, mustard with one tablespoon liquid soap. But if the aphids have multiplied in the evening the plants should be treated with ‘Malathion" (two tablespoons of the substance in a bucket of water) and immediately cover the bed with tape for two hours.
The Dangerous butterfly - Cabbage white and Cabbage scoop. The first day, the second night, lay eggs on the reverse side of the leaves from which green caterpillar. Required daily collection of eggs and caterpillars. At the time cover the cabbage patch lutrasilom. Effective against caterpillars - the drug “fury”, the plants are sprayed.
When the slimy bacteriosis of cabbage become slimy and rot. Prevention of the disease is in the watering solution of potassium permanganate and the dusting of ash during the growth for getting rid of pests, vectors putrefactive bacteria.
When watering with cold water or poor ventilation of cabbage seedlings can affect the false mealy dew. At the first sign of the disease (yellowish oil spots with a powdery bloom) you should spray the plants with a solution of sulphate of copper (in a bucket of water take a tablespoon of vitriol and a tablespoon of liquid soap).
Spraying the drug "Topaz" - according to the instructions. Against diseases and numerous pests targeted by chemicals "INTA-VIR”, “Fundazol”, “Oksihom,” and biologics “Barrier”, “Barrier”, “Arrow”. To protect the cabbage will help the drug "Topaz". The use of these substances must act according to the accompanying instructions.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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