Of the Daryal radar station (radar)

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2019-07-07 06:20:29

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The Rapid development of offensive weapons places high demands on tactical and technical parameters of means of prevention of possible aggression. Of the Daryal radar station (radar) for nearly two decades has been an important element of such systems.

The verge

In 1960 in the USA was launched on the deployment of the latest Intercontinental ballistic missiles "Minuteman-1" that can start a few seconds after receiving an appropriate command. Changed tactics a possible Third world war; the main role in applying the decisive blow now belonged not to the military strategic aircraft and missile carriers. In the mid 60-ies of the United States had superiority in semnadtsatiletny better means of delivery of nuclear warheads that have made possible the destruction of all nuclear potential of the Soviet Union one gulp.

For early warning on imminent attack in the USSR in 1960 began to create a special system of missile warning (EWS).

Compelling reason

It is Noteworthy that some military officials could not fully grasp the importance of the designed system, calling it a waste of public resources on equipment that does damage to the enemy and doesn't hit his rocket. On one of the decisive meetings of the Military-industrial Commission in response to another critical statement academician, Lieutenant-General, engineer A. N. Shchukin quoted verses from Pushkin's "Tale of the Golden Cockerel" - those where "the Faithful watchman tremble, turn around and yells...". Literary example had an effect on the sceptics, and according to the government Decree of 1962, had begun a project to build a complex of early detection of attacking missiles. The first generation radar "Dniester" and modified his version of the "Dnepr", before they are put into service, has lost its relevance. They were not able to control, created a potential enemy missiles with multiple warheads are small in size.

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All Seeing eye

In 1966, at the Radio engineering Institute began work on the creation of a fundamentally new radar with a huge radiation power of the Daryal radar station capable to detect an object the size of a soccer ball at a distance of 6 thousand km, the Main designer was appointed Victor Ivantsov. radar "DTV". PhotoThe First construction of the Daryal radar station was supposed to build on the very direction. Over one third of all available in the U.S. Arsenal of Intercontinental missiles was aimed at the capital of the Soviet Union - Moscow and Central regions of the country, with a flight path over the North pole. Preliminary calculations of experts showed that the station must be placed as possible to the North (roughly in the area of Franz-Joseph), but such large-scale construction in Arctic conditions very difficult. It was decided to erect the station on the mainland.

Radar station "Daryal". Komi ASSR

To deploy was selected as the area near the city of Perm, just 200 km from the Arctic circle. Due to the huge power consumption of the equipment, the project began simultaneously with the construction of the Pechora SDPP in 1974. The basis of the radar "DTV" is a huge range of equipment, consisting of more than 4 thousand units of electronic radio equipment. Reception of a tall building (100 m) and transmission (40 m) antennas spaced a certain distance, adjusted to the millimeter. Energy and water consumption of the station was equivalent to the needs of medium-sized city, a population of 100 thousand people. Pulse power of the radar Daryal (Pechora Pechora, according to NATO classification) at the peak exceeded 370 MW.

For maintenance and replacement radioelement blocks phased array antenna (PAA) in the process of exploitation is a special robotic system. The heart of the computer system is microprocessor-based and vector-parallel computers capable of producing more than 5 million operations per second.

First alert

The Pechora radar station "Daryal" in January 1984, successfully passing a series of tests, was put into service. Construction workers and engineering staff were able to meet that deadline, despite many challenges of natural and technical nature. radar "DTV" PechoraSo, when pouring the Foundation slab suddenly struck frosts. To prevent freezing of the concrete helped a savvy Russian - a mixture of warmed homemade electrodes, by submitting to them an electric voltage.

Another emergency occurred in the course of commissioning. There was a fire shelter radio-transmitting center. In the absence of regular means of fire burnt more than 80 % of the surface. Mobilise all possible reserves in two months the plant in Syzran produced the new canvas (the creation normally it would take at least a year), and in no time the consequences of the fire was extinguished. For reference: taking into account of the incident for future radar project was developed by shelter of non-flammable material.

Space patrol

The First project on combat duty to intercede radar "Daryal" ("Pechora"). Photo structures gives a visual representation of the extent of work performed.Just had to build another six such nodes located around the perimeter of the country, cross the territory in an impenetrable radar ring:

  • Qabala, Azerbaijan SSR.
  • "Skrunda", Latvian SSR.
  • "Berehove", Mukachevo, Ukrainian SSR.
  • "Balkhash", Kazakh SSR.
  • "Mishelevka", Irkutsk region.
  • "Yenisei", Krasnoyarsk Krai.radar "DTV". Radar

A node in the Pechora completely controlled all Northern direction. Second and last, realized and put into operation the first stage was station in Azerbaijan.

Frontiers

Construction of the object near the village. Kutkashen (after the collapse of the Soviet Union - Gabala) in Azerbaijan began in 1982. The area of the works covered more than 200 hectares. Were involved about 20 thousand military construction. The date of intercession radar "Daryal" (Gabala) on combat duty is considered to be February 1985, although the all construction works were completed only three years later. The basic design difference of the Gabala site - the lack of a computer system. The obtained monitoring data was broadcast to centers of information processing "Dinghy" and "the Square", located in the suburbs.

The Station is completely controlled by the southern strategic direction, covering the land of Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, North Africa, Pakistan and India, a large part of the Indian ocean, including the coast of Australia. The radar station in Gabala confirmed its technical excellence during the Iran-Iraq conflict properly record all combat launches of Iraqi Scud missiles (139 units) and during the operation "desert Storm" (302 start).

After the collapse of the Soviet Union concluded agreements between the governments of Russia and Azerbaijan have allowed the site in the southern part of the Caucasus mountain range regularly carry combat duty until 2012, when the station was derived from the early warning system of Russia.radar "DTV" (Gabala)

Show in Skrunda

In the mid 80-ies of the last century, 4 km from the town of Skrunda (the Latvian SSR), next to the existing radar "Dnepr" (object "Skrunda-1"), began construction of another "Daryal" type design. After the construction of the receiving antenna, and delivery of equipment (1990), it was assumed that in the first phase as the transmitter will be used radar "Dnepr". But after independence, the Baltic republics, the object became the property of Latvia. Russia's efforts aimed at preserving radar positive results have not brought, and in 1994, Russian soldiers left the station.

A year receiving antenna was destroyed by the staff of the American company. Foreign experts showed the Latvians show. Before the explosion they made on the entire height of the building by colorful fireworks, and after the triggering of the main charge structure collapsed, like a stone giant.radar type "DTV"

The Mystery of the Krasnoyarsk radar

The assurances of the former builders and the staff of the site "Yenisei-15" this station had a power of radiation, energy that could disable electronics navigation systems of a ballistic missile. So does this now do not know. In favor of the former potential adversary, and in the early 90-ies of the strategic partner - the United States, is almost ready radar type "DTV" was dismantled. The formal reason was that the location of the station contrary to the provisions of the ABM Treaty.

The destruction of the city-forming enterprises turned into a humanitarian catastrophe for the village of Yeniseysk-15. More than a thousand people remained without work and means of livelihood, literally abandoned by the state in the lurch. Perhaps in the future the descendants will find the answer to the question, who interfered with the Krasnoyarsk radar station "Daryal". Photos of the remains of a magnificent building in the heart of the Siberian taiga will be a good accusatory document.radar "DTV" Pechora. Photo

Irkutsk, Kazakhstan, Ukraine

Station in the Irkutsk region was commissioned in 1992, but two years later, the facility was mothballed. Since 1999, the site was used by civilian agencies to study the upper atmosphere. Six years ago, the building was dismantled, freeing the site for the construction of the radar of the next generation.

"Daryal" near the town of Balkhash in Eastern Kazakhstan in 2002 was handed over to the authorities of a sovereign state. Two years later, in the Wake of a major fire the building burned down, and subsequently the remnants of the structural elements and equipment were plundered. Finally the building collapsed in 2010.

Objects on the Cape Khersones, near Sevastopol and near Mukachevo (Western Ukraine) left unfinished, and in 2000-ies was dismantled.

Nuclear shield of Russia

The breach in missile defense, Russia should completely eliminate the early warning system of new generation on the basis of radar type "Voronezh" high factory readiness. Time and resource costs of the construction of these nodes is significantly reduced, compared with the "Daryalami" that allowed the last decade to put into operation seven such stations. radar "DTV" Objects integrated into the missile defence system (NMD), and their functions include not only detects targets but alsosupport and target designation.

In addition, as a backup in case of failure of main stations, created a system of mini-radar. This equipment is easily disguised as a simple cargo container and can be located anywhere. The complex is fully Autonomous and automated.


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DE: https://tostpost.com/de/business/34694-rls-dariali-radarstation.html

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ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/business/6271-daryal.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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