Patching pavement: technology, methods, GOST

High-quality, Smooth pavement that provide a full grip wheel transport canvas is the key to a safe and quiet road. In connection with the active use roads are constantly in need of repair and upgrading.

Currently the most popular form of pavement repair is patching. This method is used more often than others because it is much more profitable, more efficient and faster. But it's also a lot of complaints from drivers who swear about the quality of road surfaces and rapid destruction of the patches after the repair. But here the cause may lie not in the technology itself but in those who use it. The quality of the repair depends on observance of technology of patching. Quite often the negligent workers do not even pay attention to the conditions and requirements that must be followed in the process of performing the road repair, so dishonest and careless attitude to the work often becomes the reason of destruction of road pavement.

Advantages

Patching the road does not require to perform any restoration works communications landscaping: asphalt is laid only in areas that are in need of urgent repair. In addition, it should be noted that such work should be carried out in strict compliance with all points of the process. This ensures cost savings, long service life and maximum quality. Patching allows to restore the continuity, strength, evenness, coupling quality and water resistant coatings. In addition, it provides the regulatory service life of the plots.

Patching the actual for decades. There are dozens of techniques to carry out such repair of road surfaces, with the optimal method chosen based on weather conditions, the state of the track, the possibility of full use of special equipment and the nature of the materials used. Patching of the pavement has several indisputable advantages:

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• No need for complete overlap of traffic on the freeway/highway;
• The operational performance of all the necessary work (small areas are restored within one day);
• No need to bring heavy special equipment;
• Patching asphalt pavement does not require huge financial costs (in comparison with the overhaul).

Success

Usually unscrupulous workers repair only the top layer of damaged areas. In fact, however, the patching technology involves the restoration and the underlying layer.

Before beginning work, define the boundaries of the damage, identifies existing defects, identifies potential defects is calculated the scale of the work and the reliability, uniformity, strength and roughness of the coatings.

The Rolling of the asphalt

Many domestic enterprises, which carry out repair and construction of roads, have rollers weighing between 8 tons. This road technics justified with the full works, but its use for patching is impractical. To seal a few tens of meters the road is better to use a method called "marking time", which is implemented by the use of hand vibrating plates. Also patching of asphalt is performed by using small vibrating rollers or of paving.

Traditional method

With this method of repair first the damaged area is separated from the cover, this is done with the help of planers. Then obryvayutsya edges of potholes and giving them a rectangular shape. It is followed by the cleansing of the defective sector from dust and crumb his edge and the bottom treated with a liquid asphalt emulsion or hot asphalt, then pour the asphalt concrete mix.

Patching the road surface, which the traditional technology, allows to obtain high quality result of work, but it is required to undertake a substantial number of operations. It is used in the process of repair of various types of coatings from bitumomineraljnykh and asphalt materials.

Repair with heating of the coatings and re-use of the material

This patching of the road is based on the use of special equipment for heating coatings – asphaltenesresinous. This method allows to obtain high quality results, and to save on materials, to facilitate the work implementation. But patching asphalt pavement has significant limitations due to weather conditions (air temperature and wind). This method is used in the process of repair of different types of coatings from bitumomineraljnykh concrete mixes.

Repair without cutting or heat the old coating

The Destruction and deformation of the road surfaces is filled with a mixture of polymerisation cold, damp organic mix, cold asphalt, etc., the Method allowsto work in cold weather when wet and a wet surface, easy to implement, but is not able to ensure the highest quality and durability of the coatings. This method is used in the process of repair of road surfaces with low traffic intensity, time, as well as emergency measures on the roads with increased intensity.

Cold patching methods

That patching the road surface, technology of which is based on the use of cold asphalt concrete mixtures bitumomineraljnykh or as a repair material. These methods are mainly used in repair process of cold asphalt and black gravel on the roads of lower categories and, if necessary, temporary or urgent fixing potholes.

Begin work in the spring when the air temperature is not less than 10 degrees. The repair coating is formed under the action of a moving vehicle for 20 to 40 days, and its quality depends on the properties of bitumen emulsion or liquid bitumen, mineral powder, the composition and the volume of traffic and the weather.

The repair is possible and at low temperatures, with materials procured in advance. The cost of repair for this technology is less than the hot method. The main disadvantage is the small life of the coatings on the roads with the traffic of buses and heavy trucks.

Hot ways

Based on the use of quality materials, hot asphalt mixtures: asphalt concrete cast, large - and fine-grained, sandy, etc.

Methods are used in the repair of roads with asphalt concrete coverings. May perform work when the air temperature is not less than 10 degrees in the dry coating and the thawed ground. When using heater repair for example at a temperature of not less than 5 degrees.

Hot ways to deliver high quality and long service life of coatings.

Preparations

Prior to the works performed preparatory operations:

1. Set the fence locations, road signs and lighting when working in the dark.
2. Are laid out of space (card) repair using chalk or a stretched cord. Card repair ozerkovaya straight lines, perpendicular and parallel to the axis of the road, giving the correct form of the contour and capturing intact coating.
3. Cut down, break or be formatted damaged coating removed removed material. Is performed on the thickness of the destroyed layer coatings, but not less than 4 inches along the entire length of the repair. When a pothole affects the bottom layer, then loosen it and remove the entire thickness.
4. Potholes are Cleared of residual material, dirt and dust.
5. Walls and bottom are dried when repairing the hot method.
6. Walls and bottom are treated with bitumen or bitumen emulsion.

Basic operations

Only after preparation of the potholes can be filled with the repair material. Styling technique and sequence of treatments depend on the volume and method of conducting the work, the type of repair material.

At low volumes and the absence of mechanical means laying can be performed manually. The mixture is performed in the map in 1 layer in cutting to a depth of 50 mm in 2 layers at a depth of more than 50 millimeters. At the bottom layer can be laid coarse mixture of gravel and top – fine-grained.

In mechanised laying of the mixture is fed from the bunker-thermos.

When sealing cards 10-20 sq. m of asphalt mix laid by paver. The laying is carried out in a pothole, and the mixture was uniformly spread over the entire area.

Compaction of asphalt mixture in the lower layer coating is carried out by pnevmotransport, manual or vibratory electrothrombosis in the direction from the edges to the middle.

Stacked in the upper layer of the mixture and the mixture, put in 1 layer at a depth of 50 mm, compacted by self-propelled static or vibratory rollers sladkovicova light type, and then a heavy roller.

For malosernistoj and sand mixtures, the compaction factor should be not less than 0,98, for many - and sredneshirotnykh – is 0.99.

Hot mixture compacted at maximum temperatures at which no deformation when rolling.

The Joints that protrude above the surface of the coating, eliminates the grinding or milling machines.

Finishing operations

The Final operations involve measures to bring the road surface in readiness for the movement of vehicles. Workers removed the remaining waste, garbage, sink them into the trucks. Also at this stage, removed road signs and fences, restores the line marking on the holding section of the patching.

Important considerations

Quality and service life of the repaired coating in the first place depends on compliance:

• Patching is carried out at temperatures not less valid for a particular repair material on a clean and dry surface;
• In the process of cutting down the old coating is removed loose material from all areas of the hollows, where there is a breakup, cracks andchipping;
• Requires cleaning and drying card repairs;
• You must do the correct form of the map, steep walls, flat bottom;
• Be sure treatment of all surfaces potholes binder composition;
• Laying of the repair material is performed at the optimal temperature for this type of mixture.
• Layer should have a thickness of a little more depth of potholes, given the margin compression ratio;
• Is invalid the formation of layers of new materials on the old coatings at the edge of the map to avoid shocks when hitting transport and rapid destruction sites;
• Repair material is well leveled and compacted flush with the road surface.

Quality Control

Asphalt Polymerization proceeds at a temperature of over 100 degrees and under high pressure. After compaction of the asphalt mixture is not afraid of water. On the contrary, restored the roadway, it is desirable to pour water for rapid cooling and recovery of traffic.

It Should be noted that when the correspondence of technology and the violation of some rules made of asphalt patch can hold out not less than 2 years. In strict compliance with equipment repair & ndash; not less than 5 years.

The Roadway of the road must comply with (after to be held patching) GOST R 50597-93 — "roads and streets".