What is Manufaktura? In the classic sense manufactory – a form of industrial production preceding the formation of large-scale machine industry. However, the term “manufacture” multivalued. It is used to identify a particular stage of development of capitalist production and the type of capitalist enterprise. Often called Manufaktura textile factory products are decorated by machine. To denote various kinds of handicraft establishments factories, especially textile and weaving, also heard the word “manufacture”.
Manufactory – primarily manual production. This is evidenced by the term “manufacture” (manufactura), formed by the merger of the two Latin words "manus" - hand and "factura" - "making of". The use of manual labor – one of the main features that distinguish the factory from the factories, work on which is based on machine and conveyor manufacturing.
To clarify the question "what is the manufacture", you should first turn to the history of its emergence. Predecessors it was the ancient ergasteria (shops), a medieval wandering the farm, craft workshops and their associations (guilds). By the end of the classic medieval guilds that regulate craft production, set the policies, distribute orders and control the quality of products have ceased to reflect the realities of the era. To create a more complete understanding of what a manufacture, it is important to pay attention to the preconditions for its emergence. The need in major industries emerged in the era when I grew up crafts and trade, and accomplishes geographical discoveries formed the market for mass production. Thus, in the period of absolute Royal power in France (XVII C.) growing need for production of expensive products designed to meet the demands of the nobility. Large-scale production, manufacture, occur in large quantities at the Ducal courts, producing furniture, tapestry, pottery, jewelry, playing cards and other luxury items.
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The first European in-house manufacturing is considered to be a porcelain manufactory, founded in 1710 in the Albrechtsburg castle (the Meissen). Later enterprises in the handicraft production of different products appeared in many European cities.
What is the manufactory in Russia was known in the XVII century. At that time there was state-owned (Palace) and merchant shops, has some features of manufacturing. A significant increase in manufacturing production was observed under Peter I. In the late XVIII - early XIX centuries was created enterprises of this type, many of which are successfully operating today. For example, the oldest textile enterprise of Moscow OJSC “Tryokhgornaya manufactory”.
Factory is not only a stage in the development of modern industrial production. The quality products manufactured by craftsmen far exceeds the quality of factory products. Invaluable role of the manufacturing production in the preservation of artistic traditions in decorative and applied art, because the manufacture of unique products in our days is carried out by craftsmen.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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