Filter materials: types, features, purpose

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2020-04-14 08:20:18

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For the needs of industry, agriculture and individual households constantly develops new materials for water filtration, oil, gases and other substances. To cleaning was of high quality, such products must possess certain characteristics.

The Filter materials of the past generation were made from natural ingredients. But now, more is the production of filters made of synthetic substances. This approach allows us to create inexpensive materials, filter capacity of which is much higher than that of cotton, wool, etc.

To the modern production of such products are advancing constantly rising requirements. They have as thinly as possible to filter various substances, and are suitable for a wide range of industries. The versatility and quality characterize modern cleaners. What kinds of filter materials exist, should be considered in detail.

General concept

Modern filtering material for water, gas, aerosols and other substances may be created from a woven, non-woven and polymer membranes, metal meshes, etc. the products are widely used in mining metallurgy, chemical, machine building industry, manufacturing, processing industry. Also consumers cleaning structures are medicine, food industry and ordinary households.Filter materials

The Scope of filter materials wide. Therefore, there is no universal cleaner that would be good for each material and process. Some fiber well withstand the influence of aggressive chemical environment, others allow you to carefully filter out even the smallest particles of dirt. In accordance with the operating conditions create different cleaners.

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Types of woven materials

There are many popular substances, which perform the functions of the cleaner. They are characterized by certain qualities. The most common are: fabric belting, nylon, polyester thread, filtermodel, serpyanka. Also used fiberglass. They are made of natural, synthetic and composite components.Fabric belting

In the first case the cleaners are not afraid of the aggressive influence of the environment filter. However, the degree of purification is low. Because of their natural origin fails to create a sufficiently thin thread.

Synthetic, on the contrary, allows you to more carefully filter out small particles of dirt. The thickness of the yarn produced today, can reach 20-200 nm. But such substances are easily destroyed in hostile environments, under load.

Composite materials incorporates quality synthetic and natural components.

Natural materials

Belting is a filter of cotton fabric. It is most often used in the food industry and pharmacy. The material is intended for purification of substances with a temperature of more than +100ºC.

The group of natural materials into fiberglass. Characteristics of this substance make it suitable as insulation. Depending on the weave of the fibers is achieved a certain degree of filtering. The more threads the stronger the fabric.

Natural cleaning material is serpyanka. It is created from cotton or linen. This material is a rare weave. the Production of filter materialsIt looks like gauze. The junctions used in food industry for filtering milk, thick syrup.

Filtermodel also consists of cotton. This is a coarser fabric that their properties are a bit like belting.

Synthetic materials

For industrial purposes is most often used synthetic cleaners. One of the most famous paintings is a polyamide fabric. It removes the impurities of iron ore concentrates. Filter materials of this type are used at operating temperatures up to +90ºC and pH 4-10.

Synthetic fabric are polyester cleaners. There are many types, which differ in the density and application requirements. For all the synthetic fibers is a special pattern of weaving. Filtering material for waterIt affects the filter quality of such products. These kinds of cleaners uses both industry and the food industry.

Depending on the configuration of the weave filters can work with both liquids and gases, slurries and oils.

The Use of synthetic

Polyamide fabric are known for their special appearance. Nylon thread is interwoven, forming diagonal stripes on the surface. This material is most often used in extractive and processing industries.

Polyester cleaners have a wider scope. This is due to the difference in the densities of fabrics (from 316 to 980 g/m²). Technical treated polyester – the most well-known filter material for ventilation.

One of the tissues, which can claim the title of universal, is dairy Dacron. It differs water-repellent qualities and resistance to sunlight. This material prevents the formation of harmful microorganisms and whenproper treatment is not deformed, does not SAG. Because of these qualities it is used in food industry and for filtering gases.

Nonwoven fabric

There are combined types of paintings, which use both synthetic and natural fibers. Most famous in this area is non-woven needle-punched material type. It is based on the polyester.Nonwoven

Most Often, these cleaners are used in the filtration system of cars. Also, this material is widely used in the industry. Needle-punched nonwoven purifier is an environmentally friendly product. It does not harm the environment and human health. It does not cause allergic reactions.

Also, one of the advantages of this cloth is its resistance to high loads. In some industrial cycles are needed to provide a margin of safety cleaner. If the system load increases, the material must withstand these conditions.

Improved non-woven fabric

The First non-woven material cleaning of the devices was felt. He was not devoid of certain disadvantages. To enhance its durability and quality filter, steel fiber processing resins. Nonwoven filter media are synthetic thus pierced by needles of a certain diameter.Nonwoven filter materials, synthetic

In recent years, the production of these materials has changed significantly. Felt replaced the extrusion of the air-filled fibers from polymers. They have a much smaller thickness than that of the modified natural filler. This allowed the thinner to clean a variety of substances.

This material creates multi-layered paintings of a type “sandwich”. This improves the strength of the cleaners. These paintings have a three-dimensional structure in which the layers have different properties and are held together in a certain way. This complex materials.

Production fabric filters

The largest domestic production of filter fabric materials is in the Moscow region. JSC «Voskresensk-Tekhnotkan”, which was founded in 1858. The company has released a technical fabric, and over time had established manufacturer of filter cloth.

The Company produces a wide range of synthetic, composite and natural materials. In the technological cycles apply the latest technology. This allows ZAO “Voskresensk-Tekhnotkan ' » to take a leading position in the market. The production uses modern equipment that allows to produce products with surface density from 250 to 2500 g/m².

The company's Products are used in various fields of national economy. But the most popular of his paintings in the sugar sub-sector.

Nonwovens

Manufacturer of non-woven cleaners is a sophisticated, high-tech process. It is widely used in our country. The most famous enterprise of this profile is Inzensky plant filter materials. The manufacturer applies a mechanical technology. Cloths made of needle-punched, holstoproshivny way.Inzensky plant of filtering materials

The Scope of application of such products is very wide. Nonwovens applied from filter substances in non-ferrous metallurgy and finishing air purification in the production of cement, flour.

The Second largest company is represented by the profile is OJSC “Komiteks”. Its product range includes more than 50 types of nonwoven webs. They are frequently used for water filtration, gas, industrial liquids, waste water, lubricants and liquids.

Membrane

Non-woven fabric due to its characteristics, is increasingly used in industry today. However increasingly popular are the materials of the diaphragm type. Their production started relatively recently.

Membranes are used in microfiltration processes. Their appearance is connected with the application of reverse osmosis technology. To eliminate the phenomenon of pressure drop, membranes made from durable polymers.

This is a complex device. Their development occurred in two directions. On the one hand, requires materials with pores of a minimum size, a fixed size and a uniform distribution over the surface.

On the other hand, scientists searched for a technology that allows the membranes to operate at different pressures. Most often they are used for water purification. But in parallel with this evolving technology in the production of such membranes for aggressive environments and high temperatures. Cleaners for such purposes is created from metal and ceramics.

Air gas filter

Filter material for cleaning air and gas are distinguished by great diversity. This category of cloths are put forward strict requirements. Legislation is constantly improving standards in cleaning similar environments, allowing the development of technologies in this area have been rapid.

Most Often for this purpose apply the melts polyphenylensulfide rubbers. Great attention from scientists got filters anti-static type. The dust in the gas is electrified. In some casesit becomes the cause of the explosion.

Also being developed of filters, cleaning of hot gases. For this purpose, such materials as ceramics and metal. Modern production requires gas to remove not only solid particles of dust and toxic substances. To do this, use a combination of materials with absorbent (activated carbon). This allows to achieve high purity of air masses and gas environment.

Having Considered what are filter materials, it is possible to understand the main trends in the development of such technologies. They are constantly being improved in order to meet the demands of modern production.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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