Industrial beekeeping - what's required? Products for beekeeping. Courses of beekeeping

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2020-04-16 04:00:18

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The Establishment in 1814 by the Russian beekeeper P. I. Prokopovich hive has made possible the practical application of rational methods of beekeeping. Followed in the first half of the 19th century the invention of the artificial honeycombs (I. Mering, Germany) and honey (F. hruška, Czech Republic) opened the road to industrial beekeeping.

Brief history

In the next hundred years framework the bee hive finally replaced the bumpers, the deck and bird houses. Propaganda of the progressive methods and techniques did an outstanding scientist-chemist A. M. Butlerov, beekeepers, enthusiasts I. E. Shavrov, S. K. Krasnoperov.

Russia's industrial beekeeping became independent agriculture thanks to the efforts of a talented organizer, journalist and educator Abram Evlampievich Titov, the founder and longstanding editor of the journal "Beekeeping business." Inspired by the writings and example of the leading American cheaprolexreplica Amos root, in 1911 in the village of Borshchagovka the Kiev province Titov established the first Empire in the apiary-nursery. Before the October revolution there were about 200 beekeeping associations, there were 15 relevant periodicals.

In the young Soviet Republic Abram Evlampievich continued research and production activity on a post of the head of the Izmailovo an experimental apiary. According to his design in 1929 in the far East was established the first beekeeping sovkhoz. In subsequent years, such enterprises have started their work in Central Asia, Kabardino-Balkaria, in the Kuban.

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Modern status

Not the best way affected the industry the collapse of the Soviet Union. A huge part of state farm, and industrial farms were liquidated. Industrial apiculture Russia regains lost ground, but powerful and fully operational and be.Industrial production

The urgent need to improve legal protection and the establishment of an ambitious system of administrative regulation. There is a deficit of highly qualified personnel for beekeeping, effective and ambitious managers that can bring new industry to life.

Needs a radical modernization of material-technical base. Work in the apiary should be as mechanized and automated, which will certainly have a positive effect on increasing the production and competitiveness of bee products in the world market. The country has the capacity and resources to oust the giants of the industry: USA, Australia, Canada.

Size matters?

Only if the scale of industrial beekeeping is different from the Amateur? As with any production, its main purpose is to maximize the production of goods of required quality (honey and related products) with minimal material and time costs. The major factors increasing profitability and growth - specialization and concentration.

The Concentration of beekeeping in the expansion of farms to the optimal size. Cost-effective farm must contain a minimum of 500 bee colonies.

The Specialization is determined by the climatic zone:

  • Southern regions of the country - razvedochnoe direction (supply package bees, Queens).
  • Far East, the Urals district - honey (honey, wax).
  • The far North - pollinator (pollination of crops in greenhouses), etc.

In addition, all links in the processing chain (equipment, constructions, methods and techniques) subject to the rigid standardization and unification. Much of the success of the enterprise depends on the correct choice of breed of bees and productive breeding. The relationship of the "bee - man" fully rationalize, there is no room for "lyrics" - only a business account.

Area of a developed beekeeping

From the study and determine the potential scope of melliferous resources areas, its availability, proper choice of areas of specialization of the economy depends on its profitability and successful development.

In the forests of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan and Primorsky Kray the main honey plants are different varieties of limes. In the most favorable years, the honey yield can reach up to 20 kg per family.beehiveIn mixed forests and meadow grasses of the European part of Russia beehive can give up to 3 kg of honey per day, in the Southern districts the crops of buckwheat, essential oil cultures - up to 6 kg Forage base of the area should provide not only honey, but also periods of intense development and building up strength of colonies.

Alone melliferous resources will allow to cultivate beekeeping on an industrial scale. What needs to change in approaches and methods?

Technology industrial pchelovodny

The Use of advanced techniques of bee breeding is possible only in large apiaries (500 families), where the use of mechanization will bring tangible effect. In larger farms the whole apiary is divided into business units (for 500-600 hives) and for each fixed by a qualified technician with an assistant, provided with the necessary materials and tools (a beekeeper suit, smoker, chisel, etc.). After wintering and a cleansing flight of the bees on the basis of the carried out primary processing and deliver the units on spring honey (no more than 100hives on the point). On the Central estate is only a maintenance level (2-3 people), merchant and containing in good condition tools and equipment for beekeeping.

For the whole apiary is a single group system of care with a reduced number of inspections throughout the season. The specialists of the Apicultural research Institute performs the following at least works (is aligned along force families to give uniformity):

  • Spring inspection and feeding bees,
  • The formation of a nucleus,
  • Add stores or additional housings
  • Selection of product honey, reducing sockets,
  • Preparing for the winter.

To determine the timing of the inspect only 10 to 20 bee colonies of the apiary, consider monitoring hive. Choosing the main species of bees prefer less raliway and highly productive, the most adapted to local conditions.beekeeper Suit

During the season at least 3-4 of transportation of beehives to flowering melliferous areas to improve profitability.

Material and technical base

For Central manor choose an area with developed infrastructure, with good access roads. Outbuildings (the main production area, Sotogrande, apiary house) should be given easy operation, equipped with car ramps and lifting devices. Capacity of tractor Park, to provide for the needs of the enterprise in on-farm transport.

When equipped apiary special attention is paid to the choice of hives. They should have standard dimensions and interchangeable elements (buildings, shops, frames for beehives). Essential durable and lightweight design, able to withstand repeated loading and unloading manipulations by moving and dispersing.

In the right amount is purchased beekeeping equipment, equipment for mechanized extraction of honey, vasoprotective equipment (presses, centrifuges, steam generators).beekeeping EquipmentThe Organization its own joiner's shop with good machines and specialists will quickly recoup the invested funds.

Unfortunately, many products for beekeeping, presented on the market today are outdated. Often engineers have to remodel and upgrade existing equipment. For example, for the preparation of honey-sugar mass used industrial kneading, to distribute syrup - modified pyatydesiatyrichia honey extractor, etc.

Labor Organization

Large beekeeping enterprises have spread the sectional method, in which each apiary containing from 500 to 1000 families, secured a team of 2-6 people. More qualified and experienced professionals is assigned as a team leader and responsible. Successfully practiced two forms of work:

  • Cooperation of labour. When conducting large-scale works (transport of apiary, pumping honey) for timely and quality execution of the effort links together.
  • Division of labor. Every employee automatically gets the implementation of any technological process (for example, naveshivanie frameworks) - generates a narrow specialization.a Framework for hivesFor efficiency, each link set certain standards, keep records of production, consumable materials and tools. It is advisable to practice a combination of professions and responsibilities (the beekeeper-the driver of the tractor; the beekeeper, carpenter, etc.).

Industrial beekeeping is impossible without constant training and staff development. Production courses - most available form of improvement. They are held in winter, senior livestock expert services with the involvement of teachers in specialized educational institutions.the training of beekeepers

Frequency of recruited groups of students to courses of beekeeping (lectures and practice) at the agricultural Academy. Timiryazev Academy of biotechnology to them. Scriabin (Moscow), on the basis of the Perm pedagogical University, Pskov agrotechnical College.

Types of products and problems of marketing

The results of the field show that, along with production, there are a lot of economic problems.

More than 80% of the profits of the farms receive from the sale of marketable honey, the healing properties which are known since ancient times. The wax is in demand as a raw material in the metallurgical, paint and printing industry, but the lion's share of the product (over 70%) is returned to the industry in the form of artificial honeycombs.

Significant reserves profitability of the industry lies in the development of technologies of obtaining, storing and processing of propolis, pollen, bee bread, bee venom and pollen, Royal jelly and homogenate drone larvae, used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

In addition, enterprises razvedochnogo direction goods are themselves the bees - up to 50% of the profit economy of the South of Russia will receive from the sale of Queen bees and packages.

Foreigners will help us?

For foreign commercial beekeeping is characterized by high productivity and intensification of production. Legal andthe logistical conditions are favorable for the implementation and improvement of standard technology and equipment, and as a result, the conformity of all received products with the strict international criteria.Work in the apiaryIndustrial beekeeping in many countries receive substantial subsidies from the state, enjoys the full support. For example, the US government has imposed customs duty on imported honey (for China to 180 percent, Argentina - up to 60%). Deducted American importers of honey money (up to $ 300 million a year) going to support domestic manufacturers.

To Russian Industrialists will be useful the experience of the canadian colleagues. The performance of the bee colonies in this country is above the global average of more than two times.

Attach great importance to improving and expanding the range of companies producing products for beekeeping. On the market are automatic lines for printing of cells and pumping of honey, centrifuges, storage tanks, equipment for quality analysis of honey. Pleased with the attention to detail: the beekeeper suit "Sheriff" of Danish company "Svente" has a high degree of protection, comfort, durability.

Prospects. Innovations in beekeeping

Competition to the Western analogues can be development of the employees of the Ryazan agrarian University in the field of mechanization and new methods of processing of products of beekeeping industry, including:

  • Technology and equipment for extraction and drying of bee-bread,
  • The complex is clean and pressing propolis
  • The technology of preparation of a dough feeding in the wax shell.

Most of the equipment is already commercialized. Technologies are actively developed by beekeeping farms.

Good prospects associated with the use of plastic artificial honeycombs, innovative hives (made of Styrofoam and certain types of foam), using the fuser to build the strength of bee colonies.

The Revolutionary collection technology products were presented by the Australian beekeepers. It is a completely new frame design for hives and the bee "homes". When filling the honeycomb with honey is to open the tap, and the product alone flows down in the substituted hive capacity.

Proposes a lot of ideas and techniques, sometimes almost absurd. Which of them will survive and will benefit the beekeeping and the beekeepers, time will tell.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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