Floating cranes: overview

Hoisting equipment is widely used not only on the land areas of our planet, but also on the water expanse, because the construction of various hydraulic structures require special cranes, the design of which is, in turn, is fully adapted to work in the water sector. Floating cranes – a machine capable of solving the above problems. Therefore, we consider these units in more detail.

Purpose

Floating cranes initially focused on the construction of various bridges, ports and rigs in the waters of seas, rivers and oceans. Their capacity can range from 10 to 100 tons. The unique design of these machines is fully consistent with the main demands made on the Maritime register, namely, optimum strength, perfect buoyancy and stability.

Varieties

Structurally, the floating cranes come in:

• Fixed. These units have a fixed mast, in connection with the movement of the load in the horizontal plane occurs due to the movement of the pontoon. This feature is affected as a result, the performance of the unit – it is very small. However, and the cost of these cranes is also low.
• Gantry.
• Equipped with a tilting boom. These lifting machines are the most optimal for handling large mass. Due to the variable boom the productivity of the crane is quite high in comparison with analogues mast. In addition, cranes with swinging mast have low self value, enormous load capacity and a relatively simple design. Their arrow is presented in the form of a pair of racks, on top of which converge at an acute angle, and the pontoon is pivotally mounted. In the transport position of the boom is fixed on a support specially created for this purpose. Lifting/lowering the boom is performed with the use of a hydraulic cylinder, gear rack, helical devices, systems of pulleys.
• Rotary. high performance floating cranes. The boom of any such unit is able not only to tilt but also rotate around its vertical axis. The capacity of these machines can be equal to several hundred tons. Also the valves may have rotary column or the rotary platform.
• Mixed.

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Classification by purpose

Any floating crane can be used either for loading-unloading operations at the port, or for performance of installation works. Of course, almost the main role is played by the capacity of the unit. With regard to the degree of maneuverability, these cranes can be either self-propelled (for example, a floating crane ASPTR-1) and non-self-propelled. If it is planned that tap will have to service several ports, or to travel considerable distances, in this case, it certainly runs self-propelled (used pontoons with the contours of the ship type).

Universal machine

The floating Crane KPL was made at the factory named after Kirov in St.-Petersburg. The unit had two versions: hook and grab.

The Car made full-circle. The boom has a lattice structure and is connected to the movable controlroom system trim with hinge Assembly. At the time of the luffing jib is moved back in relation to it, which provides the location of the goods at the desired height.

Design features

A Floating crane KPL-5 is a AC motors operating at a voltage of 220-380 V and having a capacity of 267 kW. The current produces a diesel-generator set located on the shore or in the body of the pontoon. The type of crane control – electrical engineering.

The Rotating part of the crane with the boom and all other rotary and lifting mechanisms located on the rollers which, in turn, are moving in the crown, set on elevated cage.

By Itself, the crane is not self propelled, and therefore its movement takes place by means of winches.

To bring the crane in transport position, lower the boom and remove the mechanism changes its departure. As a result, the height of the crane will be reduced to 10 meters.

Crane was developed and is used to perform the work of loading and unloading nature, due to which it has high speed operations. Mounting the crane is not performing due to small capacity, but it can be used as an auxiliary nearby concrete plant to transport cement from the water, unloading of timber and other goods. If mounted elements have a low weight, it allowed the use of the crane for construction.

A Veteran

Self-Propelled floating crane ASPTR-1 was built at the shipyard “Red Forge”, located in the city of Arkhangelsk, June 30, 1962. The ship had a displacement of one thousand tons lifting capacity 15 tons, length 38 m, width 13 m, height of 3.2 meters. This machinewas assigned in the port of Novorossiysk and belonged to the State marine emergency and rescue coordination service of the Russian Federation. Unfortunately, 12 October 2016, while laying the underwater pipeline tap is out of order, with the result that it had to be towed to shore. However, due to extremely adverse weather conditions, the car sank. On Board were eight people.