Mortar "Tulip". "Tulip" - 240 mm self-propelled mortar setting

Russia is a large country, in contact with the world. As a result, virtually every time the fighting involving Russian military or at least Russian weapons and armored vehicles. Having been at the Victory parade in different cities, you can see how the equipment is various: artillery, tank, missile troops, trucks and cars for a variety of purposes.

The name of your technique, the inventors provide unusual: airplanes “swift” and “Moment”, setup «Grad», «Tornado”, “Purple” and a lethal bouquet of howitzers - “locust”, “Hyacinth” and “Tulip”. Howitzer “Tulip” is one of the beautiful flowers of the artillery, let's consider it in more detail.

History

In the time of Khrushchev's troops of artillery, in principle, was declared not in conformity with the requirements of the time. It required the development of rockets. At that time in the stage of pilot testing there were several promising candidates, which pierced the armor of any tank. But the order decided to perform, and the equipment was dismantled.

Something somewhere survived, someone's hand was raised to disassemble his creation, and because of this, in the famous Museum of armored vehicles in Kubinka is now worth antitank gun SU-100P “RAM”.

The Vietnam War clearly showed the backwardness of our artillery from the us. The United States has used the installation of the M109, that struck the target at a distance of 14 km. Urgently began to remember old ideas to catch up with the West in the development of artillery. Then was started in the Urals, the creation of armor - piercing bouquet “locust”, “Hyacinth” and “Tulip” - a howitzer, a photo of which is presented below. Time were this short, and in 1971, the machines have been field tested and adopted. Since then, they stay there, of course, with some improvements and modifications.

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Assignment setup “Tulip”

The 240-mm self-propelled mortar system is intended to destroy buildings and fortifications, which the enemy uses as cover for their manpower, equipment, command posts and communications, artillery, etc., unavailable for grazing artillery fire. Unique in the world, howitzers and mortars other countries have a smaller caliber and most other characteristics.

In Addition to the usual shells, howitzer “Tulip” can fire nuclear warheads, she remains at a safe distance from the explosion. To “Tulip” were in service towed 240-mm mortar M-240, used from 1950 To 1971, they had similar characteristics at shooting and punching, but the mortar M-240 is less mobile, has less flexibility, it requires more time to bring in a state of combat readiness, aiming and firing positions.

Design of the combat vehicle

“Tulip” - 240-mm self-propelled mortar setting. The design of the original installation. All artillery unit is on the roof, the crew, ammunition and equipment located in the enclosure chassis. On the left are the turret commander.

The ammunition included 10 pieces of the active-reactive and 20 high-explosive min. For all processes of mortar produced for firing, provided the hydraulic system. His ancestor M-240, everything was done manually. Stowage mechanized, drum loading is from the breech side of the barrel. With the option of manually loading with a crane.

Standard high-explosive mine f-864 has a weight of 130.7 kilograms, and five explosive charges that misleading mine speed. In the Western press there were reports that for the M-240 was developed and launched in manufacture of the active-reactive mines with nuclear warheads.

Diesel engine installation “Tulip” In-59 allows to reach the speed of 60 km/h asphalt and up to 30 km/h on the dirt road.

In accordance with the requirements of modern war howitzer “Tulip” is equipped with security system and can overcome the infected area and act on it. The system loader and the machine dimensions do not require special training position for firing.

Chassis for mortar was used from the object 305, which is very similar to the chassis of anti-aircraft complex ‘Round”. Armor plates “Tulip” withstand bullets caliber 7-62 type B-32 from a distance of 300 m. the mortar 2Б8 without chassis use shall be so arranged howitzer “Tulip”.

Features

The Diesel engine B-59 has a power of 520 horses, and allows to reach a maximum speed 62.8 km/h Overcomes a vertical wall 700 mm and has a power reserve of 500 km from the trench width of 3 m and a water barrier to a depth of 1 m will not stop the “Tulip”.

This technique Serves a crew of 5 people. Self-propelled howitzer “Tulip” weighs 27500 kg, length - about 6.5 m, a width of 3 meters and a quarter, height - 3.2 m. in Addition to the main guns, 240-mm, there is also an auxiliary weapon caliber 7.62 mm.

The Installation canto make up to 1 shot per minute and at an angle pointing and the elevation at 80-82 degrees, the angle of declination of 50 degrees, the mortar can destroy enemy targets hiding behind obstacles, he is currently staying out of reach. Whatever critics say, it is an effective weapon – howitzer “Tulip”. The firing range of the main gun is 19 km away.

Test

All military equipment before putting into service undergoes a series of tests. Not spared this destiny and artillery bouquet. One of the main designers told a story about testing "Acacia".

If the checking took an unexpected missile launch in the launcher, when that was in the starting position. Fortunately, the warhead in the rocket was not. Due to the inrush of the charge it dragged the whole setup until I hit the wall, then pulled away and started to wag on the ground without casualties. Also have a “Locust” was a problem with the removal of powder gases, they congregated in the crew compartment. I had to create the pressure difference to the gases flew after the projectile through the weapon.

The Howitzer “Tulip” showed their best side. As a target used concrete fortifications, shot at him for many years, but because of the strength, they demolished everything. After a volley of “Tulip” they were only the funnel depth of 10 meters and the same width.

New shells for howitzers

Mortars modified, improved, and they produced new shells. It is worth mentioning about one of these, mine 1К113 “Daredevil”. Developed it in the late 80-ies. Unlike conventional mines, it is limited time open box optics for homing and turning on the laser for targeting.

Near the target, at a distance of from 200 to 5000 meters, placed a spotter with a target designator. He illuminates the target, only when the mine is at a distance of 400-800 m. the enemy even upon detection of the target designation don't have time to react.

Shot with the same projectile strikes the target with a radius of 2-3 m with a probability of 80-90 %.

"Tulip" in Afghanistan

After field testing was necessary to verify the artillery in combat. Afghanistan was the first such point. “Tulip” were essential to their abilities to hit the enemy in the woods and on the other side of the mountain, caves to fill up one shell and drop the morale of impressive destruction. Especially the advantages of the “Tulip” were prominent in the storming of fortresses, 122-mm shells stuck in the clay wall, whereas 240 mm destroyed everything. Because of the angle of fire, you can put the installation in 20 m from the building wall, to give the maximum angle and hit the enemy hiding on the other side of the building to know what the “Tulip”. Mortar, howitzer, or just a gun - the technical term doesn't matter, when the shells whistling overhead.

When using mines “Daredevil” the precision has increased, hit right in the entrances of caves sheltering enemy.

Artillery – the God of war

In his memoirs, the military often regret that they had little artillery, because it is never enough. Heavy hooting guns instills confidence and pushes into the ground, literally and figuratively, of the enemy.

The Installation of “Tulip” is still in service. None of the countries there is no mortar of this caliber. In Europe and in the US, the caliber does not exceed 120 mm.