The destroyer project 956 "Sarych": technical specification and photos

The Ships of this project could become the most massive in its class. Their plan was to release the water in huge for our Navy numbers. Fifty destroyers of the first rank - this Armada is sufficient for picking a fleet. Besides multi-purpose was to use them to solve a variety of problems. Head destroyer “Modern” (project 956) was founded in 1975, the last ship of the series launched at the end of 1993. Of the planned fifty units into service of the Navy of the USSR and Russia received 17. Four go under the Chinese flag. Two ships are conserved, two are in the process of modernization, two more - in the battle of the Northern fleet, the rest written off. What is the reason for such a massive cutting of the metal youngish, in naval concepts of units?

Why the Soviet Union needed new destroyers

The reasons for the refusal of a large number of ships, project 956 should be sought in the already distant. It was then, in the mid-fifties, has been an unfortunate phenomenon called the seamen “Khrushchev's defeat”. The intoxication of success of domestic rocket scientists led to a major strategic miscalculation. The probability of a global conflict has decreased because of mutual assured destruction, but this does not mean that eliminated the need for the regional presence of the Soviet Navy, and to provide it without having in the Arsenal of large ships was extremely difficult. The actions of the squadrons that are on duty in different remote sectors of the World ocean, found it difficult (because of the small number of units that form their “kernel” and causing resistance). Aircraft carriers in the USSR were not built because of their high cost, destroyers early projects (item 30-2 and 78) and cruisers (D. 68), built under Stalin, and “stuck” Khrushchev, is not only obsolete but also worn out physically. The Navy required replenishment of modern ships of great tonnage, are equipped, along with missile launchers, a powerful artillery. Exactly this thought the newest destroyer of the project 956, the urgent need in which he was quite consciously after a large-scale exercise “Ocean”, held in the spring of 1970.

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What is destroyer and why you need it

The destroyer - the traditional concept rather than filled with a real sense. Of course, mine arms is not limited, and according to the purpose of the ship rather in keeping with the decision in many navies of the world class of frigates, which, in turn, also have little in common with the old sailing ships. Destroyer of the project 956 “Falcon” (that was the cipher) was designed to perform a wide range of combat missions that could be beyond the power of the BPK (large ASW ships), formed the basis of the Soviet Navy in the late sixties. Officially, its main purpose was formulated as fire support of landing, expressed in the suppression of small-sized ground targets, providing air and missile defense disembarking units and the destruction of vessels of a potential enemy. It is also planned sharing with DDG (PR. 1155), that approached the efficiency of such a pair to the combat capabilities of the most modern at that time, American frigates “Spruance”. Based on the tasks and created a destroyer of the project 956. Ship costs to the budget expensive, it is build on the basis of specific defense doctrine, especially when it comes to larger series.

Appearance and propaganda value of aesthetics

It is believed that military equipment appearance is not as important as its functionality, but it is not so. How impressive is the sample produced is often dependent on likely enemy the impression that in the absence of war can play an important role in the development of the conflict, and possibly to prevent it. Based on this premise, created and destroyer of the project 956. Model, photo, which was submitted to the Commander-in-chief of the IMF Admiral S. G. Gorshkov in late 1971, was approved largely because of the formidable appearance of the ship, his evil exterior, and the propaganda effect, which could produce the silhouette after the appearance of the vessel in the oceans. The layout, built to scale 1:50, flotsam superiors liked: it is quite consistent with the foreign policy doctrine of the Soviet Union and demonstrated progress in science and technology the second half of the twentieth century. But, of course, it was not only in appearance - not so simple was S. G. Gorshkov, to the overall impression evaluate the destroyer of the project 956. Characteristics of the ship was more important, and they spoke very good sailing qualities.

Innovations shipbuilding

The preliminary Design for the specialist in the field of shipbuilding not only liked aesthetically. The main features of the external appearance of the ship was packoplast case, sheer to its bow, the successful placement of the artillery arms of the main fire, the location of air defense systems on the sides (which provided excellent opportunities for the production of defensive fire) and a large elevation of radar antenna (to improve locating of the review). The length of the bodystyles limited the variety of possibilities of the shipyards of the plant. A. A. Zhdanov was not supposed to exceed 146 meters and a width of 17 m. In developing a General ideology of shipbuilding the ship was first applied to a technology. Form the bow asked the non-sweep of deck (up to 7 points of excitement) counter wave, the Board was carried out with double fracture surface to reduce visibility. There were other features that differed destroyer of the project 956. Drawings of decks made in compliance with the strict horizontality regardless of the contours, which greatly improved the workability of installation. The hull is divided by fifteen watertight compartments, bow “bulb” the underwater part not only reduces resistance, but also serves to hold the post hydroacoustics (MGK-335МС, he's complex "Platinum). Rationally applied elements of the power of hardening in places of the greatest stresses.

Power Plant

The disadvantages of the ships in this series experts consider obsolete powerplant. For this there were reasons. When choosing the type of turbine S. G. Gorshkov preference is given to the feed circuit, rejecting the gas. This was done under the influence of the Minister of shipbuilding of the USSR B. E. Butoma, arguing your opinion big download of the South turbine plant and the fact that the supply of fuel oil to establish in the special period will be easier than diesel fuel. As a result, the destroyer of the project 956 is equipped with coaxial turbine unit with a total capacity of 100 thousand HP Today it is difficult to provide a comprehensive assessment and to speak strictly in favor or against it. The fact that in the early 70-ies there was the ambitious project of creating a revolutionary in the technological aspect ramjet KTU, in case of success, promising to become unique, but he did not succeed. In the end, had to settle for the usual outdated high-pressure boilers, inspected and, in General, is also good. And one more argument in their favor was the relative cheapness of oil. The global energy crisis has affected the USSR.

Cannons

Underestimation in the past decade, the role of artillery in the Maritime theater of military action has prompted CB «Sevmash» equip the destroyer “Modern” (project 956) two twin launchers, AK-130, is equipped with multi-channel control systems “Lev-218" (Mr-184). Restoring trunks is carried out on the basis of information received from the radar, rangefinder (laser) and television devices, and processed by digital computer settings shooting. The mechanized supply of ammunition, rate of fire is 90 shots./min, range exceeds 24 km artillery power of the destroyer of the project 956 transcends the linear ships of the First world war, who had no other weapons other than a gun. Weight delivered to the target rounds (one minute) exceeds six tons.

Antiaircraft artillery tools provide protection against difficult targets (including cruise missiles), and presented two flags at the Board 30 mm AK-630M. These installations include a six-barrel system with water cooling, managed ASU "pennant". They are capable of hitting high-speed targets at a distance up to 4 km with a rate of 4 thousand rounds per minute.

Rocket

Missile armed destroyer “Falcon” is intended to combat air and sea targets. Complex “Hurricane” (in later versions "Hurricane-Tornado”) is equipped with a single beam launchers, firing Surami. Ammunition in each of the two PU – 48 jet guided missiles. “Hurricane” – a versatile weapon, it is quite suitable for destruction of surface ships of small tonnage (e.g., missile or torpedo boats). The number of accompanied and destroy objectives – up to six (when you start every 12 seconds).

A Specialized anti-defense destroyer of the project 956 provides the complex "Mosquito" (“Mosquito-M"), equipped with missiles ZM-82. Two installations, they are protected by the reservation, each containing four of the projectile. Combat radius of the complex is 120 km (170 “Mosquito-M"). Missiles supersonic (M=3), weight of EXPLOSIVES in combat the charging compartment – three quintals. All eight ZM-82 can be released during the half-minute volleys on command of the ship management system.

Terms of service

“Falcon” favorably with many of the Navy with the improved conditions of habitability. The destroyer is equipped with a single installation of the microclimate that provides a comfortable atmosphere at an ambient temperature ranging from −25 °C to 34 °C. For the rest enlisted personnel serve 16 rooms with a capacity from 10 to 25 people, with each sailor has an area of over 3 m². Sub (quadruple) and officers (single and double) cabins have an area of 10 sq. m. Two spacious saloon and three dining rooms are for eating. On Board there is everything necessary for life far from their native shore: screening room, cable TV, library, internal radio system, comfortable showers, sauna. In hot weather, by order of the commander of the ship can be built a pool.

Within the medical unit has a clinic, double insulator, infirmary and operating.

The Conditions of habitability and comfort on the project 956 destroyers are not inferior to foreign standards, which will affect the export potential these ships.

Hard times

The Project was created solely for internal use and to the collapse of the Soviet Union on the sale of ships of this type of speech was not even. Fourteen destroyers joined the USSR Navy in the period 1976-1881 years, each of them was based on the average of four years. The ships arrived in the North (six) and the Pacific (eight) fleets, took part in a large-scale naval exercise, doing long hikes, and friendly visits to foreign ports.

In the last Soviet years and after the collapse of the USSR the situation has changed. Sharply decreased state funding. The contents of a warship is not cheap. Over the decade, a dozen of them down in the ranks were five destroyers of this type, the rest are dismantled or mothballed. Ten years later (in 2011) combat service carried in the Northern Navy, the only destroyer of the project 956 «Admiral Ushakov”. “Persistent” was the flagship of the Baltic fleet, and ‘Fast’, was located in the Pacific ocean. There are only three existing ship of seventeen built.

By this time most systems of arms class “Falcon” obsolete. The planned modernization of destroyers of the project 956 involves the retrofitting of cruise missiles and new air and missile defense systems. Wanted to replace its anti-submarine and torpedo defense. Thus the characteristics of the destroyers remained very good. An independent cruising range of 4.5 thousand miles, high speed and powerful Board artillery encouraged the Navy to refrain from a full withdrawal of ships from the fighting strength.

Modernization and export

Two ships of that received during the laying of the name “Important” and “Thoughtful”, and then renamed the “Yekaterinburg» and «Alexander Nevsky" at the turn of the Millennium was completed and sold in China. The project in the export performance has undergone changes and got the code 956 E. the Names of the Chinese ships "Hangzhou" and "Fuzhou" of the they from 2000 to present serve in part of the Eastern fleet of the Navy of the people's liberation army of China. Modernization of destroyers of the project 956 series “e” (export) concerned only the plant and some weapons systems.

For More serious changes were the following two units designed for the Chinese Navy. Destroyer project 956ЭМ differs from the modification of the “e” size, anti-ship missiles with extended range “Mosquito-me" (they take out targets in a radius of 200 km) and new anti-aircraft missile and artillery modules "Chestnut". Aft gun mount replaced with a helicopter hangar. On this project in 2005 and 2006 constructed two destroyers ("Taizhou” and “Ningbo”).

If the sale of China the first two ships was due primarily to the difficult financial situation of the initial post-Soviet period, the contract for the supply of the following pairs can be called a successful foreign trade operation. In the middle of the first decade of the new century already marked line on the system modernization of the Russian armed forces, including Navy. At that time the ships were designed better than the destroyer of the project 956, a photo of which has caused associations with the bygone era. Massive add-ons, and many of the antenna conformed to the image of the fleets of the last century. However, China has not lost by purchasing the powerful and reliable combat units, strengthened its Navy.