"Sun" - heavy flamethrower system. Modernized heavy flamethrower system TOS-1A "Solntsepek"

The Russian army has systems for its effectiveness is not inferior to the weapons of mass destruction, but operating on the basis of explosive substances belonging to the so-called high group. Without tactical nuclear warheads or chemical warheads, our troops can inflict massive damage. All life in the event of such a strike will burn on the area of ten thousand square meters, and hide in some underground shelter or military equipment completely useless. The name of this unusual weapon, not having analogues in the world - heavy flamethrower system TOS-1A “Sun”. Woe to those who will be his target.

What is common «Bumblebee», «Pinocchio”, “Sun” and a vacuum bomb?

Any device from a technical point of view is characterized primarily by the main idea, according to which it operates.

Can you describe flamethrower system “Sun”. "Popular mechanics" of the website, explaining the principle of operation of different types of technological devices, including weapons, focuses on the nature of the flamethrower projectiles, not forgetting the seaworthiness of the machinery and systems fire control. All of this is important but there is another aspect of the physical nature of the factors affecting the “Sun”. The fact that the backpack or the receiver-tank of the Russian armourers have long refused, believing, obviously, its obsolete. Tank with flammable liquid behind the flamethrower or similar containers inside the combat vehicle is a great danger for those who intend with the flaming jets burn the enemy, but it's not so bad. In the end, any weapon, even an ordinary small, always requires special caution in handling. The main problems are the low combat effectiveness, laughable by today's standards, the distance of application and low accuracy. All three of the negative factor is overcome in the construction of these weapons as «bumblebee», «Pinocchio” and “Sun”. Heavy flamethrower system at first glance has little in common with manual compact device, similar to a Bazooka. But a deeper acquaintance it becomes clear that the principle of action is a volumetric explosion like the one that creates a vacuum bomb.

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The Invisible enemy and how to fight it

The Principle of volumetric explosion was invented by the Americans in the sixties. The original idea was not to create weapons of mass destruction. The engineers were tasked to solve the problem quickly clean the area from the dense vegetation, typical of the jungles of Vietnam. It was necessary to create helicopter landing pads that had to be cut down manually. After the first applications in the military got the idea to use the same principle and for the soldiers of the enemy, namely the Viet Cong guerrillas who had taken refuge in underground facilities. Conventional bombs could destroy whole cities hidden under the ground. Vacuum weapon has become boon for the armies fighting with an invisible enemy, well knowing the district and striking suddenly, appearing from nowhere and going into the unknown.

Through the years, and the Soviet Army was faced with a similar problem. The Mujahideen were hiding in the Afghan mountains, using the terrain for cover. Discover the rebels who had taken refuge under a layer of rock, sometimes raised conventional car Jack, almost impossible, from a helicopter you will not see them, and coming closer, many military units were at risk of being ambushed. Here handy heavy flamethrower system TOS-1A “Sun”, military equipment, designed for continuous volumetric lesions.

Principle of operation

An explosion of the Volume proceeds in two phases. The first thing about you need to do in order for it to work is to spray a combustible mixture. When this happens the smaller the variance, the deeper will be the effect. For example, flour mills and cement plants are considered hazardous production facilities, although, as we all know, no gunpowder no TNT was not the case. The cause of the accident becomes an ordinary dust, or rather its large surface area. A tiny spark – and there is an instant oxidation reaction, otherwise known as an explosion.

Here came the second phase: airborne particles need to ignite.

That such missiles, producing first spraying reagent, and then the ignition of the air-fuel mixture, shoots “Sun”, a heavy flamethrower system.

“Pinocchio” and “Sun”

To “Sun” was “Pinocchio". The system with this cheerful fabulous name used by the Soviet Army in Afghanistan, and the work on it began in the early seventies. A common ideology this class of weapons consistent with certain views of the then leadership of the General staff and was characterized by a certain degree of megalomania. Use "Pinocchio" was possible in the case of open frontline of confrontation between the major military factions or positional fighting, during which the units are located in deeply echeloned fortifiedareas. After realizing that this situation is unlikely in the modern world, the idea arose to adapt and to modernize it is overall a good weapon. The result turned out “Sun”. Heavy flamethrower system was “easier”, reduce the number of stems and increased their security.

The Number of trunks

If you compare two multiple rocket launchers flamethrowers, the difference can be seen immediately. Tubular trunks, from which shoot "Pinocchio", arranged in four rows, three on eight and one shorter for six rounds. Simpler Russian “Sun” (see photo). A weapon constructed according to the formula 3 x 8. So, the shells 24 and not 30, which is freed from the excess fire power, and along with excess weight, improved mobility and provided an opportunity to implement enhanced anti-reservation receiver system. After all, “work” she had in front-line conditions in the vicinity of the location of enemy units, and who knows what subversive group will be able to break through, to destroy it.

Aim

The Missiles can be controlled (UR) and normal having a parabolic ballistic trajectory (NUR). That such missiles, while the second type does not have individual guidance systems, firing a heavy flamethrower system TOS-1A. Missiles of this type only has a fold-out stabilizer in the tail section, the purpose of which is to minimize dispersion. Naturally, for the most dangerous missions requires instrumentation that provides reliable aiming, otherwise the inevitable accidental hit the wrong place, and even their own troops. The instrument, which is equipped with a heavy flamethrower system TOS-1A “Sun”, is the common name of "LMS" (the fire control system), including computer system, laser rangefinder, optical observation devices, including infrared display, and means operative links (for adjustment). The result of this system is the right angles of the horizontal and vertical rotation of the barrel block.

Suspension

Now the TOS-1A “Sun”, heavy flame thrower system volley fire, mounted on standardized base T-72 tank, which ensures ease of repair and maintenance of the chassis. Instead of the tower guidance system, having in its composition a rotating platform (with Electromechanical drive) and oscillating part (with electro-hydraulic system). Power plant capacity based on the tank engine, 840 HP Speed (60 km/h) cruising range at full fuel (550 km) and other performance characteristics in General, the same as the T-72. It is planned to gradually shift to gear "Armata" that will increase the degree of mobility of the complex.

Launcher and loader machine

But not from the same mobile unit is “Sun”. Heavy flamethrower system for the staffing includes three cars, one BM-1 (crew of 3 persons) and two transport-loader TZM-T with the same chassis. Curb weight of the mobile launcher – just over 43 tons. TZM-T weighs 39 tons and is equipped with handles to facilitate the process of loading. Demining machines have a device with which in case of need is a depression in the ground (savakayana).

Shells

Modernized heavy flamethrower system TOS-1A “Sun” can fire two types of thermobaric shells 220 a unified caliber. They differ in size and mass, which causes the difference of capacity produced by the explosion. The rocket is MO.1.01.04 weighs 173 kg and a length of 330 cm, its enhanced version of MO.1.01.04 M – 217 kg and 3.7 m, respectively. Take charge of solid propellant rocket motors, in addition to them in the present design the head part and the fuse. Distance fire – up to six kilometers, the minimum distance to the target – 400.

Combat use of the PT-SZO

Thermobaric shells showed a high efficiency in the mountains and gorges. This contributed to the area in which the aerosol suspension does not have time to dissipate, and therefore burns the highest percentage of its volume. After the expansion phase begins “minimize” air masses, the oxygen reacts with a combustible substance occurs and the reverse blast. Aware of several cases of use of TOS-1 ("Pinocchio") in Afghanistan, in particular during the operation “Typhoon” (Salang) in 1989 and in Scaricarli valley (1988). The positions of anti-government groups had suffered crushing blows.

In 2000, the system "Pinocchio" was used in the village of Komsomolskoye, where the militants have created strong fortifications. The fate of the terrorists was a foregone conclusion.

“Sun” in a real battle has not yet been used, but since this IPS in its effect is little different from TOZ-1, to predict the effect of a snap.

The Export potential

In 2008, the Rosoboronexport has received permission to sell these weapons abroad.The first customer was the Ministry of defence of the Republic of Kazakhstan (3 PCs TOS-1A). Then “Sun” became interested in Azerbaijan, in 2013 the country has acquired six units, and the same is planned for the purchase. Iraq – one more state, which supports the traditional military cooperation Russia. Heavy flamethrower system TOS-1A “Sun” will be supplied for the needs of the armed forces of the country, which is experiencing great difficulties in the fight against radical groups, which indirectly confirms the reputation of this technique, pushed American manufacturers who intend to certain privileges in the region.

Tactics

The System of volley fire “Sun” are protected is very conditional, from the middle distance to take it easy, unless, of course, the subversive group will be able to get. The need to infect machines, security adds. You can, of course, to fire from fortified positions, but this creates the risk that installation or TOZ please random shell. The greatest shooting distance – six miles. Modern artillery system can get and the more remote and protected object, not to mention cruise missiles or fighter bombers.

For all these reasons, military experts consider the most appropriate tactics of these heavy systems, the alternation of the hidden exit to firing positions just before a volley, and the subsequent maneuver of the possible fire. For this scenario, the designers "KB Transport Engineering” from the city of Omsk has created the right conditions. To prepare for shooting the crew have time for fifteen minutes, and the duration of the volley – 24 seconds.

«Sun» news

Currently known Russian military units, in the technical part which includes installing the TOS-1A “Sun”. However, from time to time the media report that this weapon seems to be seen as in conflict areas of some States, particularly in the Eastern regions of Ukraine. There is no confirmed evidence that the militia of the DNI or LC is available “Sun”, a heavy flamethrower system. News about it are more hypothetical in nature.