In Europe diesel engines are among the most popular. But in diesel engine, as diesel, fuel is not burned completely. As a result, exhaust gases are formed by various toxic and carcinogenic substances. Additionally, also soot, because the hydrocarbons burn completely. In Europe in 2000-x years the environmental campaigners have developed a standard for emissions into the environment. Automakers order for their products to these standards consistent with, began to install a particulate filter on diesel. What it is and how it works, it is necessary to know those who travel on the diesels. Today we will try to answer all these questions.
In order to better understand the purpose of these devices, you must touch the threads of the exhaust gases. In the composition of automobile exhaust contains a lot of highly toxic and carcinogenic substances. So, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, aldehydes, sulfur oxides, tetraethyl lead has very harmful effects on the environment. In addition, the composition of the exhaust gas of a diesel vehicle, particularly heavy trucks, contains a large number of soot.
In order to reduce the concentration of this component in the design of a modern car introduced particulate filter on diesel. What is this item? This is something similar to the catalyst in a gasoline engine.
So, this device is intended in order to neutralize the soot – a product formed in the combustion process of diesel fuel. There are two types – closed (DPF) and closed with the possibility of regeneration (FAP).
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With all its simplicity, actually these auto parts for cars have a pretty complex device. Regardless of design, the filter is a metal cylinder. There are connections – input and output. The output is connected to the exhaust gas purification system.
The Main filter element – a special matrix, which is made from silicon carbide. It is enclosed in a cylinder made of metal. The structure of this matrix – honeycomb. As to the cross-section of the cells, it is often the cross section is square. But more efficient cells that have an octagonal shape.
In addition, the filter for diesel has in the design of several sensors. This gauge fixing, the pressure differential sensor and the inlet and outlet temperature.
Size of a single particle of soot is approximately equal to 0.05 microns. According to the chemical composition this product is nothing like an ordinary carbon. To hold these particles using conventional means is very difficult due to the size of the element. To capture the soot, it is necessary to use the principle of diffusion. To understand what constitutes a typical diesel particulate filter on the diesel, what kind of device, you need to look inside it.
So, the filter inside is a ceramic matrix. It's a series of tubes, with adjacent closed ends. Inside of this matrix exhaust gases coming from the motor, however, when gases pass into the tube to move just can't. Then through the walls of tubes they enter the next open cavity, and then can get out of the matrix. In the process of diffusion even the smallest particles remain inside the filter and, therefore, it performs its task.
To Find this detail is not difficult. The filter is often installed in the exhaust system of the car. Due to the design of detail can be found between the muffler and catalyst. In some cases, the device may be combined with a catalyst and located directly behind the exhaust manifold. There is a maximum gas temperature, and such a filter has a catalytic coating.
To effectively use a particulate filter on diesel, the price is quite high (about 900 Euro), it is necessary to properly operate the car. The thing is that in the process of cleaning exhaust gases of the cell and the tube clogged with soot. This leads to a reduction in the efficiency of the diesel engine.
Decreases the bandwidth of the filter and increases the resistance to the exit of exhaust gases. Many manufacturers to increase the service life of this stocking without the need for frequent replacement, used a special algorithm of the filter when the controlled fill level. If the filter is filled so that loss of engine power, starts the regeneration of the filter.
There are several reasons why the filters become clogged. The main reason – the quality of diesel fuel. Filling the car with poor fuel generates large quantities of soot - the filter rapidly becomes clogged, which reduces its service life.
Another reason – insufficient temperature. So, soot is burned completely. It's All about what is a diesel particulate filter on the diesel. What is it? It not only retains the particles, but also maintains the temperature for burning them. However, it should be said that this happens when the heat of the exhaust gases is high andis not less than 600 degrees Celsius. At lower rates the soot will not be burned.
Among the reasons for the reduction gas temperature for more than an hour. This movement modes, traffic jams, disturbance of the combustion process of fuel. Thus, the temperature in the system rises, if the velocity is low and the movement is accompanied with frequent stops.
In order to be able to control the state of the system, the exhaust tract of a diesel engine equipped with control and measuring equipment. It includes temperature sensors and pressure. These elements form the signals to the electronic control unit, and that determines the filled filter or not. When an item is heavily populated, the purification process begins.
In order to restore the efficiency of the engine when the particulate filter, it is enough to use a few simple techniques that will help to start the self-cleaning. Regeneration can be both passive and active type. In any case, the process takes place through the combustion of soot and the release of tubes and channels.
For the regeneration process may be used increasing the level of heat of exhaust gases, additives or flushing of the particulate filter. The additive will help to reduce the temperature at which soot will burn. And flushing with the help of special substances to help clear the filter.
This cleanup can hold the motorist. On the necessity of regeneration will report the relevant indicator. Also start this process is required if the reduced dynamics or engine power.
Most importantly – to improve the temperature of the exhaust gas. This is done by driving with a full load. Enough to drive 30-40 miles to a filter is completely cleaned and all soot is burned. The second option – the use of special fuel additives.
This mode can be started automatically by the controller ECU. For this the electronics analyzes the information from the temperature sensor and pressure sensor. He informs the electronic control unit that the filter is clogged and the sensor reports the temperature. If it is not enough to soot is completely burned, then the ECU may additionally inject fuel during the exhaust. This will allow you to burn the soot in the exhaust. It also allows to raise the temperature to the desired level.
If in the exhaust tract there is other equipment that also improves the heating of the exhaust gas, the ECU can use them.
This procedure requires a special fluid. The very same procedure as a whole depends on the type of equipment.
So, the filter is removed and close the orifice. Then inside pour a cleansing liquid in such a way as to fill the entire volume of the filter. Further, the product should be left alone for ten hours, while from time to time to shake the filter. After that the detail is washed out with warm water and set back on the car. There are several types of fluids, and for each - your washing method. It should be remembered before performing these procedures.
Washing and cleaning will help to extend the work item, because the replacement of the particulate filter – it is extremely expensive pleasure. But sooner or later the time will still come. It is recommended to change the filters after 180 thousand kilometers.
Wear this design is influenced by traffic conditions, fuel quality and driving style. If the machine experiences heavy loads, the replacement of this element may require it.
Now, we find out, what is the purpose of this part of the vehicle. Particulate filter, as well as other spare parts for cars, – an important detail of modern cars. This element improves the ecological situation in the world and it's people's health. Quality environment – a healthy society and happy children.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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