Plastids can be different: types, structure, functions

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2018-03-23 09:26:08

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Many know roughly what is plastids, from school. In the course of botany is told that in plant cells, plastids can be of different shapes, sizes and perform different cell functions. This article will remind you of the structure of plastids and their types and functions to those who have graduated from high school, and will be useful to anyone interested in biology.

Structure

In the picture below schematically shows the structure plastidom in the cell. Regardless of its type, it has an external and an internal membrane that performs a protective function, the stroma - similar to cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, enzymes.

Building plastidom in a cage

In the chloroplasts there are special structures - granite. The grains are formed from tylakoids - structures, like discs. Thylakoid participate in the synthesis of ATP and oxygen.

In the chloroplasts in photosynthesis are formed starch grains.

Makoplasty not pigmented. They are not present tilakoid, they do not participate in photosynthesis. A large part of leucoplasts concentrated in the stem and root of plants.

Chromoplast are composed of lipid droplet structure containing lipids, necessary to supply the structure of plastid with additional energy.

Plastids can be of different colors, sizes and shapes. Their sizes vary in the range of 5-10 microns. Form usually oval or round but can be any other.

Types of plastids

Plastids could be colorless (leucoplast), green (chloroplasts), yellow or orange (homoplasty). It is the chloroplasts that give the plant leaves a green color.

Plastids can be

Another kind of plastid, chromoplast, responsible for yellow, red or orange color.

A Colorless plastid in the cell perform the function of store of nutrients. In leukoplast contains fats, starch, proteins and enzymes. When the plant needs additional energy, starch is split into monomers - glucose.

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Makoplasty under certain conditions (under the action of sunlight, or when adding chemicals) can turn into chloroplasts, the chloroplasts are converted to chromoplast when the chlorophyll breaks down, and in the color of the predominate pigments of chromoplast - carotene, anthocyanin, or xanthophyll. This transformation is noticeable in autumn, when the leaves and many fruits change color due to the destruction of chlorophyll and manifestations of pigments chromoplast.

Plastids in a cage

Functions

As mentioned above, plastids may be different, and their functions in the plant cell depend on the variety.

Makoplasty serve mainly for storage of nutrients and the maintenance of the plants due to the ability to store and synthesize proteins, lipids, enzymes.

Chloroplasts play a key role in the process of photosynthesis. While participation is concentrated in the plastid pigment chlorophyll converts carbon dioxide and water molecules into molecules of glucose and oxygen.

Chromoplast because of the bright color attract insects for pollination. The study of the function of these plastids is still ongoing.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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