Roza Yegorovna Shanina was born in 1924, April 3, in the Vologda province. During world war II she was a single sniper. Shanina participated in the war as part of the female platoon of snipers 3 Belorussian front. She was able to fire at a moving enemy doublet – two shots, one after another.
The sniper was Born in Elma D. in a large family of peasants. Some sources place of birth listed village of Bogdanovka. In it in 2010 there was even a monument in honor of the knights of the order of Glory. Among the names there is and her name. As shown by the results of a study of some modern historians, Roza Yegorovna Shanina D. was born in Zykovo, on the Bank of the river Mouth. At that time the village belonged to the Eden neighborhood, where in 1889 came after the service, her grandfather, Mikhail Savelievich.
From 1919 to 1920 in Zykovo were formed municipality, the first in the County. It was joined on the 5 farms. The first Chairman was appointed organizer of the commune, the father of saninas, Yegor Mikhailovich.
Rosa's Mother, Anna Alekseevna, was a milkmaid in the municipality. In 1928 the family lived in Zykovo. This is confirmed by the memories of Rose, in which she mentions a clipping from "the Farmer" saved by the father, dated 15 September 1928, which describes their home.
Shanin was named after Luxemburg. Besides her, the family were brought up 6 children of their own. She had a sister Julia, brothers Sergey, Michael, Paul, Theodore and Marat. Besides them, the family raised orphans Stepan, Mind, and Elena Butorina.
After Graduating from grade 4 of elementary school, rose entered the high school in D. Bereznik located 13 km from the house. In addition, every day she went to school on foot, on Saturdays, she took care of her sick aunt, who lived in the same village.
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Having Graduated from the 7 classes in 1938, Rosa travelled to Arkhangelsk to study at the pedagogical College. Property and money she didn't have much. To check into a hostel at the school she lived with brother Theodore. In the same year, 1938, rose joined the young Communist League. Arkhangelsk she began to think of his native city. In her diary there is mention of the "Dinamo" stadium, Minsk cinemas "Pobeda" and "ARS".
Before the war the training was paid. Many students were forced to earn. Rose refused to help my brother and parents and got a job in 1941 (while studying already for 3 course) in the evening group of the kindergarten № 2 pervomayskogo R-na of Arkhangelsk, where she received housing.
The Young teacher was in good standing: admired her parents, he loved children. After graduation in College, she was working in a kindergarten.
At the beginning of WWII Fyodor and Mikhail joined the army as volunteers. As evidenced by the front entry, the brothers of the Rose was missing. In some documents there are data on the death of the elder brother saninas Sergei. According to the data, in July 1943 he was chief of special detachment of the NKVD. For successful operations in the enemy's rear, he received the order of the red Star. However, he was subsequently arrested in accordance with the resolution of a Special meeting executed on 3 February 1945 This ruling was overturned in 2000, may 17.
In early 1942, began intensive training of the women snipers. The command believed that they possess great tenacity, cunning, endure the cold and the stress. In addition, they have a more flexible body that allowed them to move faster. In February, women 16-45 years of age could go to the front.
Roza Yegorovna Shanina was called to service in June 1943. From the may day military she was sent to CISPS – the Central school for the training of women snipers. There she met with Calería Petrova and Alexandra Akimova. Subsequently, the three Women in the war fought together and were friends. From the war were able to return only Kaleria.
After Graduating from sniper school, Rosa refused the instructor's office and got directions to the front. In 1944, 2 April, she arrived at the 338-th infantry division. It has created a special women's squad.
First shot Rose I did three days after his arrival to division headquarters. Then it was South-West of Vitebsk.
In the surviving documents there are memories of the Roses on this case, written by an unknown author. Shanina was shocked by the incident. She jumped into the trench with the words: "killed a Man". Soon ran up to her friend, comforted and said that the Nazis killed, to worry about.
After 7 months rose wrote in her diary that now shoots the Germans in cold blood and only sees the meaning of all life. Moreover, she writes that if he could rewind time, you still would have done in school Snipers.
Roza Yegorovna Shanina from 6 to 11 April, while under gun and artillery fire, were able to destroy 13 of the Nazis. This is evidenced by the report of the commander of the infantry regiment Degtyarev.
For this The feat Roza Yegorovna Shanina received the order of Glory of the III grade, becoming the first winner of this award among the girls who fought in the units of the 3rd Belorussian front.
Soon efreytorskaya the title, she was transferred to squad leader. In may 1944, her sniper book there were 18 killed fascists. In early June, the military newspaper "Destroy the enemy" placedportrait Russian sniper saninas on the front page.
The Soviet Offensive started in 1944, June 22. Platoon saninas had to move westward in the second stage: the command did not want to risk the lives of women. In the Second world war Women's battalions were commonplace, but the soldiers tried to protect the girls from death.
For the previous 1.5 months, the platoon was tired. Therefore, at the beginning of the Belarusian operations was given the order to use any of the halts for rest, not to participate in battles together with infantry. However, Shanina eager to fight, despite the order.
The rose was made with the command sent to the reconnaissance company or battalion, but was refused. The fact that in the ranks of infantry it could replace every soldier and ambush snipers – no. In addition, it is cherished for its craftsmanship. After the fourth release in the sniper book Roses Yegorovna saninas the number of killed fascists, became a two-digit, graph the distance from the target twice it says "200 m".
In the midst Belarusian operations rose with the front-line friends participated in the liquidation of the German group. In early August, took the company on the crossing, she went for the battalion, EN route to the front. There she participated in the battle, and on his return captured three Krauts. For not obeying orders rose received the Komsomol penalty, but the Tribunal is not reached.
After a while Shanin was presented with the award order of Glory II degree In the list of her achievements was the capture of prisoners.
In late August, 338 rifle brigade withdrew from the 45 infantry corps and was included in the 39-th army, is sent to the Warsaw and Kaunas. But a platoon of women snipers, which included RosesAnd Yegorovna Shanina, left 5 army and became part 184 Dukhovschinsky red banner division.
In September, the battle began for the liberation of the banks of the river šešupė. Girls almost every day made a sortie and destroy the enemies. They fought with German snipers.
In the chronicle of the war published in the Newspapers of the allies, it was reported that the day Shanina killed 5 Germans.
In 1944, on 16 September, rose received the order of Glory II degree for courage in the struggle against fascism. In premium sheet saninas indicated 53 killed German, 26 of which were destroyed on the border with Prussia. In the next issue of the newspaper "Destroy the enemy" was placed congratulatory article.
From the documents it is known that at the end of September Shanina received a furlough and went for three days to Arkhangelsk, where he managed to see my friends and family. On 17 October she returned to the front.
For their ability Shanina was considered one of The best sniper. However, it has always tried to the front, asked for a reconnaissance shot. She even complained to the commander of the 5 army General-Colonel Krylov on commanders who sent her to the rear. Moreover, she twice wrote to Stalin with a request to send it as a private soldier in a rifle company.
After Receiving rejections from everywhere, Shanina continued to go "AWOL". However, in late October, she was sent to the front lines in the composition of 707 infantry regiment.
The Fighting was near the Schlossberg. The area passed from hands in hands several times. Later Rosa would write in the diary, he saw the death of captain Aseeva.
For persistence and bravery in battle as one of the Best snipers Sanino presented to the award the order of Glory I art. Finally, Schlossberg was able to repel only at the beginning of 1945, 16 Jan. 27 Dec 44-th The assistant commander of a platoon R. Shanina was awarded a medal "For courage".
In November Shanina again sent a spare rear regiment. But, ignoring orders, rose still went to the front. On 12 December she was wounded in the right shoulder. The Germans were considered a matter of honor to kill Russian sniper. However, saninas the wound was not fatal. In her diary she describes it as "two small holes". The wound seemed minor, but the command sent her to the hospital.
In early January 1945, the wing was officially given saninas permission to participate in battles. On the 13th, the fighting began in the Eastern-Prussian operation. By 15 January the division had reached the city Eydtkuhnen. The attack came under mortar fire of the enemy.
January 17, Shanina wrote that may soon die because of the 78 people in the battalion remained 6. In the last entry says that she cannot leave the vehicle due to the artillery fire of the Nazis.
27 January in battle wounded the commander of the unit. Roza Shanina, covering it, too, was severely wounded. She was taken to the hospital near the estates Richau. The next day, Roza Yegorovna Shanina died.
As later recalled Catherine Rodkina, the nurse, at whose hands she died, rose regretted that did very little to win.
Some evidence on the field during injuries rose screamed and begged her to shoot. The wound was very serious, got a splinter in the abdomen. In the then existing circumstances, to save a life after such a wound was impossible.
Of the four children of the familyChaninah to war, no one returned home.
The Number of destroyed the Germans saninas different in different sources. In premium sheet Roses on 1944 on account of its number 59 Nazi officers and soldiers: 12 people were killed in The battle of Vilnius, and 26 – on the Prussian frontier.
Some sources indicate the number 54. This clarifies that 12 Germans were themselves snipers. According to modern research, the book sniper in saninas at the time of her death was taken into account 62 persons.
Meanwhile, many believe that the real number of dead Germans was much more. After Shanin had often gone "AWOL" on the front, and the situation is not always allowed to keep records. There were occasions when the ammunition for his rifle was gone and rose used the machine.
According to history, only four women were full gentlemen of order of Glory. Rose could be the fifth. As recalled, the former commander of the 215 infantry division Ghazaryan, for his courage in the battles for the Schlossberg Shanin was presented with the award, but was awarded a medal "For courage". However, on December 29 the same year, the premium list was again sent to command. But later after her death it was lost. So Shanina left Incomplete order of Glory.
In 1985, to the anniversary of the Victory in the Council of veterans CISSP a question was raised about the awarding of the Rose the order of Glory I art posthumously. However, the Supreme Council left it then without consideration. This issue was subsequently raised again, including a member of the Union of journalists Marat Seninim, brother Rose.
The Growth of Roses was above average, blue eyes, and hair-light brown. Said Shanin with North Russian accent. Pyotr Molchanov, who was a WWII war correspondent, often seen a Rose on the front. He describes it as a person with incredible will, a bright and distinctive personality.
She rose talked about himself as a reckless and boundless talkative. Lidia Vdovina, saninas co-worker, recalled that she loved to sing the song "Oh fog, rastumany" whenever there was cleaning of the weapon.
Dressed rose modestly. Favorite sport called volleyball. Shanina was an open person, in people appreciate the courage, not like the selfish.
During the war my happiness rose is seen in the struggle for the happiness of others.
As evidenced by the diary entries of her favorite people-Misha Panarin – were killed. She called him a well-mannered, simple, cute kid.
In November 1944, in the diary there is a record of some Nicholas. Rose writes that "for some reason, hammered into his head that loves him." However, she notes that marriage is not thinking & ndash; time.
After the war, rose wanted to go to University, and if she failed, would be engaged in education of orphans.
Shanin wrote often to friends and family, remaining in Arkhangelsk. Diaries in war was forbidden, although there were some exceptions. For example, Musaget Nurutdinov led "Chronicle of war", Israel cook – "Frontline diary".
In the diary of saninas for the preservation of military secrets of the dead are called "black" wounded "red". Latest record rose did in 1945, 24 January, 4 days before his death. She wrote about the fierce battle, the difficulties of shooting under enemy fire.
After the death of Rose's diary, which consisted of 3 thick notebooks, took her friend Peter Molchanov. He was editor of the newspaper "Destroy the enemy". After learning about the injury saninas, he came to the hospital, but it was too late.
Later Peter Molchanov said took the diary because they were friends with Rose. She trusted him many of their secrets, shared their thoughts.
About 20 years, the diary was in Kiev. In 1965, Molchanov, has published several excerpts from it in the magazine "Youth". Only the records of Roza saninas was transferred to Arkhangelsk regional Museum. In spring 2010, a copy of the diary with the right publication gave Ulyanovsk Muse. Today with the records of Roza saninas available to all interested persons.
The Deeds committed during the war, Roza Shanina, praised writer and correspondent of "red star" Ilya Ehrenburg. He called it one of the best shooters of its time. Ehrenburg noted that Rosa was inferior in accuracy of hitting the enemy many colleagues. There were publications about saninas and foreign Newspapers.
The rose did not give the references in the press on special value. She even said once that many overestimate its work. 10 days before the deaths in her diary she wrote that he considered that very little was done not more than I should as any Soviet person standing on taste homeland.
After the publication Molchanova, 1965, of the rose began to write and other publications. So, the "Northern Komsomolets" correspondent turned to saninas colleagues with the request to tell about it.
In memory of rose saninas the books were published "Return after the battle" (N. Zhuravlev), "Thirst for battle" (Pavel Molchanov) and "Snowdrops in a minefield. Despite the fact that in these works, eats some inaccuracies, and some characters are rather collective images and reflect the traits of several people with General information about the character and fate of saninas given fairly accurately.
In 2012, he released a collection dedicated to the rose. It was published UlyanovskMuseum. It included a frontline diary of the Rose, as well as documentary evidence of the people who knew her. The preparation and processing of the material dealt countrymen saninas Natalya Poroshina and Vladimir Mamonov.
It was published in 1972 the Book of the historian Logvinova contains a Chapter about the rose sanonoi. According to the information therein, rose was the daughter of a Communist from the Krasnoyarsk territory and was educated in the Siberian forestry College (now the Siberian state technological University).
However, the researchers failed to install as the rose, being a native of the Arkhangelsk region, in Krasnoyarsk. Employees of the scientific library of the Siberian state technological University has discovered a few publications, which contains an excerpt of text from the book or a little more information about The Siberian rose.
During the great Patriotic war women fought alongside men. No one wanted to give their homeland to the enemy. The fight was thrown. In the rear toiled the children and the elderly, young women and men were at the forefront.
A Huge contribution to the victory over fascism made women. Their hatred of the invaders, the desire to destroy anyone who encroaches on the freedom of the Soviet people, inspired all of them. The exploits of saninas and many other women are a Prime example. The men fought not for glory but for the free and peaceful skies.
Many researchers believe that rose could stay alive, if not asked with such persistence to the front. To win she did not live quite a bit.
The Diary saninas as other military records, the most valuable materials about the war. It was restored painting many events, schemes of operations. They helped keep a record of captured and destroyed the enemies, the equipment of the Germans.
Rose Sannino rightfully included among the heroes, which children learn in school. Such people are immortalized forever in the memory of the Russian people. A large role was played by the people who have kept the front entry. Thanks to them, today you can learn about the many events of those years, to feel a sense of pride for all who fought. This is important in the first place, for future generations. The memory of war must be maintained, at least in order to in the future to prevent it.
In honor of Roza saninas named streets in the city of Arkhangelsk, POS Stroevsky and Shangaly. In Arkhangelsk, in addition, created the plaque. Under the patronage of the village school, where the rose were studied, and a Museum dedicated to her. On the building the school also has a plaque.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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