Amorphous and crystalline solids, their properties

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2018-03-25 13:48:07

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Are Solid crystalline and amorphous body. Crystal   so in ancient times was called ice. And then became known as crystal quartz or rock crystal, apart from these minerals, petrified ice. The crystals are natural and artificial (synthetic). They are used in the jewelry industry, optics, radio engineering and electronics, as supports for elements in high-precision devices, such as superhard abrasive material.

Crystalline solidsCrystalline bodies are characterized by hardness, have a strictly natural position in space of molecules, ions or atoms, resulting in a three-dimensional periodic crystal lattice (structure). Outwardly it expresses a certain symmetry of the shape of the solid body and its specific physical properties. In the external form of the crystal body to reflect the symmetry inherent in the internal "packaging" of particles. This determines the equality of angles between faces of all crystals composed of the same substance.

They will be equal and the distance from center to center between neighboring atoms (if they are located on one straight line, this distance is the same throughout the length of the line). But for atoms lying on a straight line with another line, the distance between the centers of the atoms will be different. This circumstance is explained by the anisotropy. The anisotropy - most importantly, what distinguishes crystalline solids from amorphous.

Crystalline and amorphous bodyMore than 90% of solids can be attributed to the crystals. In nature, they exist in the form of single crystals and polycrystals. Single crystals — single, faces the correct polygons; they are characterized by a continuous crystal lattice and the anisotropy of physical properties.

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The Polycrystals — body, consisting of numerous small crystals, "fused" together rather messily. Polycrystals are metals, sugar, stones, sand. In such bodies (eg, metal fragment) anisotropy is usually not apparent due to the random arrangement of elements, although a single crystal body of this peculiar anisotropy.

Other properties of crystalline solids: well-defined temperature of crystallization and melting (the presence of critical points), strength, elasticity, conductivity, magnetoresonant, conductivity.

properties of crystalline solidsAmorphous - having no shape. So literally translated this word with the Greek. Amorphous body created by nature. For example, amber, beeswax, volcanic glass. To create an artificial amorphous solids involved in man - glass and resin (artificial), paraffin wax, plastics (polymers), resin, naphthalene, var. Amorphous substances have no crystalline lattice due to the chaotic arrangement of the molecules (atoms, ions) in the structure of the body. Therefore, the physical properties of any amorphous body the isotropic - same in all directions. For amorphous solids does not exist a critical point melting point, they soften gradually when heated and move in a viscous fluid. Amorphous bodies given intermediate (transitional) position between liquids and crystalline solids: at low temperatures they harden and become elastic, in addition, can crack upon impact on shapeless pieces. At high temperatures these elements exhibit plasticity, becoming viscous liquids.

Now you know what the crystal body!


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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