Details of the state

The Typology of state and law can be carried out according to various criteria in accordance with one or the other direction. Until recently, the only educational and scientific literature was class-formational direction. In accordance with the typology of the state was carried out taking into account the economic system in a class society, the nature of the relationship (exploitative or non-exploiting). It was, therefore, on the aggregate of the most significant features which are characteristic of systems in one socio-economic formation.

With the development of international political and legal thought was developed and other criteria reviewed in the typology of the state. For example, Jellinek believed that, despite the continuous transformation and development, it is possible to establish certain causal characteristics. They will give a specific state (or group) throughout its history traits relating to a certain type. Jellinek shared system on ideal and empirical.

Ideal type German lawyer thought imaginable state not existing in reality. This system was opposed to the empirical. The typology of the state in accordance with the empirical approach involves consideration of the system in accordance with the character of the state Union, as well as the position that occupies in this system the individual. Jellinek distinguishes between modern, medieval, Roman, Greek and Oriental system.

The above direction is considered today the most common. Based on the concept of "civilization", it is a civilizational approach to the typology of the state. Toynbee (English historian) has clarified and further elaborated the basic concept. He meant by civilization, as society is relatively closed and local, distinguished by common geographic, economic, cultural, psychological, religious, and other factors.

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Recent studies of the history of mankind showed one-dimensionality (single-line) Marxist explanation of the development and functioning of society. In this context, this typology of States does not differ comprehensive, global nature. Outside of this direction there are many historical events that make up our core essence and features of the society.

Primarily in the analysis of economic fundamentals do not take into account the diversity that accompanies almost all social history since the transition of society to a civilized state. When accounting for this fundamental fact of traditional perceptions change significantly.

When using a formation approach results in a substantial narrowing of the structure of the class groups and their social composition. This is due to the fact that mostly the classes-antagonists. Other segments of society are pushed beyond the limits of the study do not fit the traditional model.

Formation approach significantly limits the possibilities of analysis of cultural and spiritual life of society, enclosed in the circle of those ideas, values and perceptions, which are aimed at reflection of the interests of the major classes of antagonists.

The Civilizational approach is more broad and rich, allowing you to distinguish between not only class conflict, but the scope of their relationship on the basis of universal values. It becomes possible to study not only contradictions, but also a community of spiritual principles, reflected in the behavior of people in various fields.

Civilizational approach thus allows us to represent the state not only as a tool of political domination of exploiting class over the exploited class. In the political system of power, among other things, is a critical factor in social, economic, spiritual development of society, meet different human needs, people's consolidation.