What is hydraulics? The definition of the concept

Hydraulic mechanisms belong to the oldest systems applied in practical engineering. The principle of the mechanized action is gradually losing relevance because it displace more technologically driven tools. But because of the limited possibilities of integration of new and more expensive solutions, in many areas retains its position and traditional mechanics. What are hydraulics in the modern context of exploitation? This infrastructure, which is engaged in machines, constructions and structures that provide sufficient force to actuate the functional units and assemblies.

A Basic definition of hydraulics

From the point of view of science, hydraulics – knowledge section covering the laws of motion and equilibrium of fluids. Water environment in one form or another is a Central aspect of the study in this direction. Besides theoretical research, the scientists are engaged in experimental tests, the results of which form the basis for solving problems in applied engineering. Scientific works are devoted to the patterns of water movement in pipe channels, in river channels and hydraulic machines. But to fully understand what the hydraulics in the scientific context, it is impossible to do without allied disciplines, tools that address the study. These include physics, mathematics and mechanics. Also there are two directions in studies of hydraulics – in dynamic and static contexts. Hydrodynamics concerns the questions of kinematics of water as such, and hydrostatics focuses more on the laws of interaction of fluids with other fluids and solids.

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Hydraulics in engineering

All the fame of hydraulics as a branch of science is not so broad in comparison with its derivatives in the practice. The same applied knowledge-based engineering systems projects – for example, one of the oldest products of hydraulics is the aqueduct. In our days the laws of energy liquids form the basis for the development of sewer systems, reciprocating equipment, water supply, etc.

In most cases, the work hydraulics of this type is available as motor force for actuating the serviced units. The classic example is the hydraulic machine. In General we can deduce a definition of engineering hydraulics – set of elements for the mechanical design, which involves the use of liquid as the active natural environment. But this does not mean that water is a source of stress. It is only a translator of energy that she was given other mechanisms, which, in turn, aktiviziruyutsya by electric motors and powertrains in the liquid or solid fuel.

Types of hydraulic configurations

The working cycle of the hydraulic machine depends on the scheme, which circulates the water. This path just leads to the point of water, during which it acquires energy from the engine and transfers it to other components of the system. In this context we can distinguish two types of ventilation configurations – with open and closed centers.

In the first case, the valve of liquid during piston operation delivers dual output. That is, the pressure change depending on the current position of the piston, and the fluid may go in duty cycle or back to the valve. Move it regulates the bundle of piston and valve.

To understand the principle of operation of a closed system must return to the definition of what is hydraulics, and how it interacts with powertrains. As hydraulics is the only infrastructure which is organized by functional units serving the liquid, it is logical that the energy of the working medium can fully depend on technical equipment. In this case, this task is performed by the pump and the valve, completely closing the circuit.

Classification types of drives

Different system with the unregulated and regulated drive mechanisms. The model is considered to be unregulated hydraulic actuator, in which the indicator of the pump pressure always corresponds to the fixed values. Recorded data must be higher than the maximum level of the load pressure. That is, the bar indicator, which equals a pump.

The disadvantages of this mechanism include large loss in power, since constant maintenance of high pressure at low loads it is irrational. According to this scheme, for example, sometimes runs the hydraulic excavator, the control of the support elements. Because this function lies with a high responsibility from the point of view of safety, the manufacturers donate the excess power to bestow. However, in the same unregulated excavator drive supports may be supplemented by a regulated system which will be optimized to be responsible for work attachments. This type of hydraulic drive provides for a reduction in pump pressure and a balance due of valves and compensators with targeted action.

Hydraulic accumulators

Mechanisms of extraction of energy and fluid storage devices.Such systems are called gidroakustiki and generate the energy of water, which at the moment work is under pressure. In this case, the battery is often an integral part of the mechanical hydraulic servo.

There are different types of such devices-in particular, pneumatic and spring. The industry uses hydraulics and accumulating high pressure at the facilities which are simple but demanding loads of manipulation with the cargo. Regardless of the type of the accumulator should maintain the pressure at a certain level, along with this eliminating leakage and smoothing vibration due to the damping effect.

Cars on hydraulic systems

The Most common such mechanisms in machines with attachment – in the same excavators, tractors and harvesting vehicles. Hydraulics is widely used in their models, the designers of the Minsk tractor plant (MTZ).

Standard equipment that is used in these tractors includes pumps, valves, cylinders and tubing. Duty cycle, which provides hydraulics and tractor can be represented as follows: the fluid enters from the tank to the pumps, transported to distributors, included in the piston and returns to the tank. In the transition from valves to the cylinders for the regulation of connected equipment operator, which by means of levers controls the flow of fluid into piston group depending on the current task.

Maintenance of hydraulic mechanisms

Preventative maintenance is limited to lubrication operations of individual parts and components of the hydraulic system. In process inspection responsible person also shows signs of wear, deformation and damage. As a rule, repair of hydraulics consists in replacing liners pistons, rods and caps. Regularly updated consumables in the form of o-rings.

Conclusion

Hydraulics – is one of the easiest ways to obtain mechanical effort. To understand, what is hydraulics and what benefits it brings to the average user, it is possible to cite as an example the pumping equipment. Garden pumping station of the water act on the principles of hydraulic engineering, expending a minimum of energy. At a higher level on similar schemes work in the compressor and pneumatic tool.