The ethnic composition of the population of Russia. The Peoples Of Russia

Today, Russia ranks first in the world in land area. However, this does not mean that the Russian population number also is in a leading position among other countries. The fact that a significant part of the territory is uninhabited steppes and taiga, the most remote region of Siberia. Therefore, the population density of Russia is far not on the first positions in the world.

Figures of Russia

According to the first large-scale census in 1897 the population of Russia was more 67,4 million people. It was people of different nationalities and races. Mainly dominated by rural residents. The reason for this was a well-developed farming industry and agriculture. Moreover, as such large cities were few. Lived in predominantly artisans and merchants.

The literacy rate in the early 20th century, the country was catastrophically low. Only 21% of people have completed at least primary school. By religion population statistics shows that the majority of people in Russia at that time were Orthodox (70%). The rest belonged to such religions as Islam, Catholicism and Judaism. Interestingly, three quarters of the population was represented by the peasants. The number of burghers amounted to about 10.7%, foreigners – up to 6.6%, the Cossacks – slightly more than 2% nobility-1.5%, etc.

In the mid-1920s, the dynamics of Russia's population has become consistently positive. So, in 1926 the population of the country amounted to 101 million people. At the beginning of the Second world war the number of inhabitants of Russia exceeded 110 million, at the end of hostilities – around 97,5 million Is unique in the history of the Russian Federation a significant decline in demographic indicators of the country. And only after 10 years the situation has stabilized. By 1955, the population of Russia again reached the level of 110 million people.Of Its demographic peak in the country waited in 1995, Then the number amounted to 148,5 million. In the next 15 years, there has been a slight decline in the performance in connection with mass emigration of the indigenous population in Western countries. During this period Russia has left more than 6 million people.

Currently, the population of Russia is equal to 146.3 million people.

Demographic density

The Geography of Russia's population is very diverse and uneven in the regions. Most of the inhabitants are concentrated in the territorial triangle between St. Petersburg, Irkutsk and Sochi. The reasons are the favorable climate and positive economic background. To the North of this region is dominated by permafrost and South-the endless desert.

The population density is one of the last places in the world is Siberia. This region is home to at least 29 million people. This is only one-fifth of the entire population of Russia. Moreover, the area of Siberia is three quarters of the Russian Federation. The most densely populated areas are strips of Derbent, Sochi, and Ufa-Moscow.

In the far East a great density is observed throughout the TRANS-Siberian route. It's such cities as Omsk, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Vladivostok, Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk, etc. Increased population densities observed in the area of Blacksmith's coal. All these regions are attracting population from its economic advantages.

According to statistics of the Russian population, the largest demographic is reflected in the number of megacities and capitals of the Autonomous republics. It is noteworthy that the farmland every year more and faster are empty because of the relocation of local residents in major cities.

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Population dynamics

Modern Russia – territory, whose population is rising mainly due to a significant tide of migrants from neighbouring countries in search of prosperity. The fact that in Russia at the moment there is a demographic crisis. The birth rate barely exceeds the figure of 1.5. In parallel with this, there is catastrophically high mortality. The reasons for this are several components. According to statistics, more than half of the deaths occur because of heart disease, about 15% from cancer and its consequences, more than 4%, from lesions of the internal organs.

It is Worth noting that Russia is one of the first places in the world in the number of deaths by external causes (more than 14.5%). This is higher than in the rest of Europe 6 times. The majority of deaths occur in accidents, including in the workplace. Each year, about 6 thousand people become victims of murder. Juvenile mortality of the Russians is kept at 5% of the total.
In 2006, the country was born about 1.5 million children. The corresponding ratio rose to 10.4 points. However, the mortality amounted to more than 2.1 million people. Coupled with the migration indicators the population of Russia fell by almost 0.7 million inhabitants. In the same year, there was a marginal positive trend in life expectancy, which was 66.8 years. And yet it is quite low compared to other top European countries.

In 2007, the structure of the population of Russia has undergone important changes. As a result of mass migration the country has added more than a quarter of a million people from different parts of the world. It is possible to reduce the demographic gap in Russia.Interestingly, the largest percentage of births was first recorded in the Magadan region.

In 2008 and 2009, migration growth compensated for more than 70 per cent of losses from the rate of mortality. The birth rate exceeded the threshold of 1.7 million children, reaching a ratio of 12.3. This positive trend was observed in 67 regions of the country. In parallel with this gradually increased overall life expectancy in the regions.

In 2012, the mortality rate and birth rate equal the expected at around 1.9 million. The growth of migrants has reached a threshold in 300 thousand. In 2013, the birth rate prevailed over mortality: 1.9, against 1.87 million people. Natural population growth was noted in 43 areas of the Federation.

In 2014 birth rate exceeded the death rate by 33.7 thousand people. With Crimea, the population of 143.7 million people.

Commitment to urbanization

Over the past century, the rural population of Russia has decreased in 4 times. By 1914 the outskirts and the villages lived with 82.5% of people by 2014 – less than 26%. Today the main population of Russia – residents of large and small cities.

The Main reason for this increase was the planned economic policy of the Soviet Union. For the period from 1929 to 1939 in rural areas conducted a rapid collectivization and industrialization of society. In the early stages of reforms shook the country a terrible famine, but later on the whole territory of the Soviet Union saw a significant increase in the industrial sector. In the late 1940s, the population of the village gradually began to move to cities in search for a better life.

Reduction in the rate of urbanization was noted in the mid-1960s, and in 1980-ies. For a long time, the figure was not more than 1.5%. Already at that time the urban population was around 74% of the total population of the country. Over the years, until today the situation has not changed. The percentage of urbanization of Russia is equivalent to 74.2 per cent. It is about 106,7 million people. When in rural areas barely exceeds the population of 39 million inhabitants.Most of the population represented in Metropolitan areas. At the moment are highlighted 15 cities with a population over 1 million inhabitants. Topping the list is Moscow (12.1 million people), followed by St. Petersburg (5.1 million people). In such cities, as Novosibirsk, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Samara, Omsk, Perm, Novgorod, Ufa, Chelyabinsk, Voronezh, Krasnoyarsk, Rostov and Volgograd, the population figures are in the range from 1 to 1.5 million inhabitants.

Diversity of people

Today, the ethnic and religious composition of Russia includes hundreds of Nations and fully reflected in the Constitution. The country is home to about 200 people. Each of them has its own culture, traditions and religious views.

The Main ethnic people of Russia – Russian. According to the results of a large-scale census in 2010, this nation occupies nearly 81% of the total population of the country. It's more than 111 million people. All the other nationalities are included in the remaining 19.1 per cent. It is noteworthy that every year the number of Russian in Russia inevitably falls. Over the last 12 years the number of this ethnic mass has decreased by almost 5 million people. In turn, during the reporting period, there has been a significant increase in migrants from Asia.

Over the last 10 years in Russia is most moved Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Circassians and the Kumyks. Increase the first and is made up over 22.5%. In parallel, there has been a significant decline in some European Nations. This list includes such Nations as the Finns, poles, Ukrainians, Karelians and Belarusians. The largest negative percentage belongs to the first (-40,5%).

The Most populous Nations (over 1 million) are Russians, Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Chechens and Armenians. Each of these ethnic groups is considered a major element of the Foundation of Russian society.

Indigenous people - Russians

The ethnic people of Russia represents the Eastern Slavs who lived on the territory of Russia since time immemorial. The majority of the Russian population is in Russia, but the large Diaspora are also observed in Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus and the USA. This is the most numerous European ethnic group. At the moment on the planet there are more than 133 million Russian. The vast majority of them are Orthodox Christians.

On the territory of Russia there are more than 111 million Russian. They are concentrated in all regions of the country, from cities to villages. Today Russian people as a community of the nation is about 77,7% of the total population of the Russian Federation. The majority of representatives of ethnic groups living in Moscow – about 9.9 million people. In the surrounding the capital region is slightly more than 6.2 million. The next largest regions are the Krasnodar territory, St.-Petersburg, Rostov and Sverdlovsk region. There is a total population of about 16 million Russians.

It is Noteworthy that in this national group identifies a number of ethnographic subclasses. In Karelia Russian man called Vodlozero or zoniana, Barents sea coast-Pomerania, in the Komi Republic – zilema. All these are the names of the ancient peoples who lived on the territory of Russia.I wonder what their names are and at the Russian the Central part of the country. For example: Cascara, freeholders, poleci, Meshcheryakov, Sayan, zakany, Sevryuk, modulene, talagai and others In the Caucasus and in the Asian region of the country includes such subclasses as the don Cossacks, Molokans, Kamchadals, kiriaki, Siberians, masons, Guran, Markivtsi, and others.

Separately, a mixed group, for example, a Russian Jew. However, in formal scientific papers there is no such distribution.

Tatar people

The Ethnic composition of the population of Russia by 3.7% as determined by representatives of the Turkic-speaking tribes. Tatars live mainly in the Volga region, Siberia, the Urals and the Asian part of the country. In recent years, a considerable number of notes in the far East. All in all, on the territory of Russia is home to more than 5.3 million Tatars. It is the second largest ethnic group of the Russian Federation.

Tatars can be divided into 3 main territorial groups: the Volga-Urals, Astrakhan and Siberian. Most of the people living in the Republic of Tatarstan (more than 2.8 million people). It is interesting that the national language belongs to the Altaic class, and dialects can be several: the Kazan, Mishar and Siberian.

Most Tatars are Sunni Muslims. In rare cases, profess atheism and Christianity. Tatar nationality partially included in some of the major sub-ethnic groups: Kazanli, mishary, plurality, Kasimova, Siberians, teptyari, Kryashens and so Less important in terms of subgroups: limes and Nagasaki. Interestingly, the latter are Orthodox Christians.

The Ukrainian nation

The Ethnic Russian population 1.35% of the West Slavic Diaspora. Outstanding representatives of the nation consider Rusyns and Ruthenians. Today, this ethnic group called Ukrainians. After the Russians and the poles is the most numerous Slavic nation in the world. Live mostly in Ukraine, but a significant part is in Russia, and in North America.

Historians refer to Ukrainians are ethnographic subgroup, as Polishchuk, Boyko, Lemkos and Hutsuls. Most of them inhabited the Western region of Russia. At present they are United into a single nation. In Russia there are more than 1.9 million Ukrainians. Of these, nearly 160 thousand lives in the Tyumen region, 154 thousand – in Moscow, slightly less than 120 thousand-in the regional part of the capital. The following regions for the number of Ukrainian people - the Krasnodar territory, St.-Petersburg, Rostov, Omsk, Orenburg, Primor, etc. It is Noteworthy that the ethnic territory of the nation is Europe's second biggest after the Russian. Historically it covers more than 600 thousand sq. km.

Bashkir nation

This Turkic-speaking people inhabited the territory of Russia from the middle ages. Bashkir mostly live in Russia. Their cultural and historical centre is the Republic of Bashkortostan. All indigenous people speak Turkic-Altaic dialect.

The Data ethnic minorities in Russia make up about 1.1% of the total population. Their numbers are slightly less than 1.6 million. The vast majority of Bashkirs live in their native country (74%). More than 160 thousand is located in the Chelyabinsk region. Also the increased number Bashkirov noted in Tyumen, Orenburg, Perm and Sverdlov.

Until the early 20th century, all of the national script was Arabic, then it was translated into Latin and the Cyrillic alphabet. Since ancient times Bashkirs are adherents of Sunni Islam. The main occupation of the population is still considered cattle. On the other hand, in recent years, in Bashkortostan marked the development of agriculture, poultry and fisheries. The male part of the population often engaged in hunting. Women, in turn, bred a whole bee's plantation.

Crafts a well-developed weaving, embroidery, carpet manufacturing, finishing leather. Today, a large part of the profit of the Republic depends on the steel industry. It should be noted that this activity Bashkirs was famous in 16th-17th century.

Over the years the way of life of local residents has changed dramatically. However, there are still settlements, where they remained semi-nomadic way of life.

The self-Proclaimed people Chuvash

The Ethnic composition of the population of Russia includes not only listed, but many other nationalities. According to the latest census, there are about 1.5 million Chuvash. Outside of Russia there are only about 50 thousand representatives of indigenous nationality. Most of the population is based in Chuvashia.Today I share 4 territorial groups. In the West, the Republic is home to Turi, in the North – Eni in the South – anatri in the Eastern steppe regions – hirte. The national language – Chuvash. It is a mixture of Turkic and Bulgar. Can have multiple dialects depending on the geographical commitment.

The Main religion is Orthodox Christianity. A small part of the population adheres to Islam. On the East of the country remained a small village, where the only remains of the ancient religion of shamanism. All Chuvash is very fast to their traditions and customs, national holidays.

The Main economic sector of the region is farming. In the Republic of growing pigs,sheep, cattle, large birds. In the southern regions have a historic tradition of horse breeding. Chuvashia is rich in meat and dairy products. Local products are exported far abroad. Only agriculture employs more than 20% of Chuvash people.

Charisma and traditions of the Chechens

Originally this people were called nohchi. Today the ethnic composition of the population of Russia by 1% represent the descendants of the ancient mountain tribes-the Chechens. The vast majority of indigenous people based in the North Caucasus. In the middle ages nohchi inhabited such historic region of Dagestan, as Khasavyurt, Kazbek, Kizilyurtovsky, Novolaksky, etc. the Total number of representatives of the nation is 1.55 million people in Russia – 1.4 million

Before the revolution of 1917, Chechens called Nakh peoples. In they comprised Ingush, Kists and batsbi. Today, 84.5% of representatives of ethnic groups living in Chechnya, and the rest – in Dagestan and Ingushetia. In Moscow there are about 14.5 thousand descendants nohchi. This is slightly more than 1% of the total.

Many historians believe that the Chechen nation was formed as a result of internal consolidation of the Vainakh population in the period from the 16th to the 18th century. At this time there is an active Islamisation of the region. Most of the Vainakh began to explore the mountainous terrain. Gradually formed a religious and cultural background of modern Chechens. At the moment, to finally determine all ethnic factors Vainakh impossible.

Armenian Diaspora

This is one of the most ancient peoples belonging to the Indo-European family. In the world of the Armenians so many, however, they settled unevenly, so the total number is even theoretically difficult to identify. Most of them are in Armenia, Karabakh, Georgia, Lebanon, Abkhazia, Jordan and Russia.Data ethnic minorities in Russia make up about 0.8% of the population. It is almost 1.2 million people. In Russia most Armenians in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Krai, the Moscow region, and also in Rostov. In the towns the representatives of this ethnic group has about 98%.

Native proarmyanskogo dialect was peoples the Brigham and levicy. In the modern sense, the national language of the Armenians is considered a historical patrimony of the ancient tribes of the highlands. Own culture in the Diaspora is almost gone. In the first Millennium BC, the Armenians migrated to the territory of luvisi and the Hurrians borrowed their customs. However, some scientists agree that the ancestors of this ethnic group have been migrating to the ancient Greeks.

Other Nations

Currently, the ethnic composition of the population of Russia is diluted not only by the Turks and nahirtsi, but many other diasporas. For example, Avars – a people composed of such ancient tribes as Andi, Archi and CEZ. Their number in Russia is more than 0.9 million people.

You Should allocate such ethnic groups as Kazakhs, Mordvinians, Dargin, Azerbaijanis, Maris, Udmurts, Ossetes, Belarusians, Kumyks, etc. Their aggregate share of the total population of Russia is about 3.7%. The ethnic composition of the Russian Federation also includes the Kabardians, Yakuts, Buryats, Moldovans, Uzbeks, Komi Republic, Gypsies, Kirghiz, Circassians, and hundreds of other people.

Jews remained in the country not as many as in the early 2000s. Their number is 156.8 thousand people. Interestingly, during the time of the last census, many members of this ethnic group noted in the nationality column «Russian Jew”.