Ship of the line – military sailing ship made of wood with a displacement of up to 6 thousand tons. They had up to 135 guns on the sides, located in several rows, and up to 800 crew members. These ships were used in battles at sea with the use of so-called line of battle tactics in the 17th-19th centuries.
The Name “ship linear” known from the days of sailing ships. During naval battles mnogoyarusnyi lined up in one line in order to fire all guns at the enemy. It is simultaneous fire from all guns on Board had caused the enemy substantial damage. Soon this battle tactics became linear. The construction of the line ships during sea battles first started to be used the English and Spanish fleets in the early 17th century.
The Progenitors of the linear ships are Galleons with heavy weapons, carrak. The first mention of them appeared in Europe in the early 17th century. These model ships of the line was much lighter and shorter Galleons. Such qualities allowed them to maneuver faster, that is, to line up broadside to the enemy. Had to line up in such a way that the nose of the next ship was necessarily directed to the stern of the previous one. Why were you not afraid to put aboard ships under enemy attack? Because multi-layer wood sides were a reliable protection of the ship from the cores of the enemy.
Soon appeared a multi-decked ship of the line sailing, which is more than 250 years has become a major means of conducting war at sea. Progress does not stand still, due to the newest methods of calculating the buildings became possible to cut the gun ports in tiers at the very beginning of the structure. Thus, it was possible to calculate the force of the ship before it is launched. In the mid-17th century there was a clear distinction of classes:
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Sailing equipment from frigates and ships of the line is the same - a three-masted. Each is required to present direct the sails. But still the frigate and the ship of the linear have some differences. The first has only one closed battery, and ships of the line several. In addition, the number of guns much more, this also applies to the height of the sides. But frigates are more maneuverable and can operate even in shallow waters.
From the Galleon ship of the linear features straight sails. In addition, the latter is not rectangular tower at the stern and the figurehead on the nose. Ship of the line Galleon and is superior in speed and maneuverability, also in the artillery battle. The latter is more suited for boarding combat. In addition, they often were used to transport troops and cargo.
Until the reign of Peter I in Russia, such structures were not. The first Russian linear ship was known as the “goto Predestination". By the twentieth years of the 18th century in the Russian Imperial fleet already included 36 such vessels. In the beginning it was a complete copy of the Western model, but by the end of the reign of Peter I, line, Russian ships began to have its own distinctive features. They were much shorter, had less shrinkage, which adversely affect the seaworthiness. These ships are very well suited to the conditions of the sea of Azov, and then and Baltic seas. Directly involved in designing and building took the Emperor himself. Its name - the Imperial Russian Navy wore the Navy of Russia on 22 October 1721-16 April 1917. Naval officers could serve only people from the nobility, and sailors on ships – recruits from the common people. The term of service in the Navy for them was lifelong.
“the 12 apostles” was founded in 1838 and launched in 1841 in the city of Nikolaev. It is a ship with 120 guns on Board. Only in the Russian Navy there was 3 ship of this type. These ships were distinguished not only by its grace and beauty of form, they had no equal in the battle among the sailboats. Ship of the line ‘the 12 apostles" was the first in the Russian Imperial Navy, who was armed with a new bomber guns.
The Fate of the ship has developed in such a way that he has failed to participate in any battle of the black sea fleet. His body remained intact and did not get any punctures. But this ship has become a model training center, heprovided the defense of the Russian FORTS and fortresses in the West Caucasus. In addition, the ship was carrying ground troops and left in long sea voyages for 3-4 months. Subsequently, the ship was sunk.
The position of the wooden battleships as the main force of the sea was shaken because of the development of artillery. Heavy bomber guns easily pierced wooden Board bombs filled with gunpowder, thereby causing the vehicle serious damage and causing fires. If the artillery did not constitute a great threat to the hulls of vessels, the bomber guns could put on the bottom of battleships of Russia only a few tens of hits. From this time arose the question of the protection structures armor made from metal.
In 1848, invented the screw propeller and relatively powerful steam machine, so the wooden sailing ships slowly began to leave the scene. Some of the ships were refitted and supplied with steam units. There have also been several large ships with sails, their habit called linear.
In 1907, a new class of vessels in Russia they were called linear, or in short - battleships. This armored artillery military vehicles. Their displacement ranged from 20 to 65 thousand tons. If you compare the battleships of the 18th century and battleships, the latter have a length of from 150 to 250 m. armed with their weapon of calibre of 280 to 460 mm. the crew of the battleship – from 1,500 to 2,800 people. Used the ship to destroy the enemy in the composition of the combat formations and artillery support ground operations. The name of the ships was not so much in the memory of the linear ships, how much is due to the fact that they needed to revive the tactic line battle.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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