Symmetry in space

Symmetry in space – beautiful, harmonious and balanced proportion of parts or elements of different shapes of objects, organisms or objects. In the space around us we find many, many inanimate objects symmetrical shape. Living organisms, both simple and complex highly organized, also in the structure are symmetry elements.

Commitment to excellence

A Symmetrical form can be identified with perfection and harmony. No wonder words like “symmetry” and “perfection” are synonyms in the languages of many Nations.

Symmetry in space can be found everywhere. The diversity of forms of plant and animal species affects the proportionality, consistency and ergonomic shape. Here all is thought over to trifles: a striking beauty, elegance of proportion and nothing in excess. Everything is provided for functionality of life.

Central symmetry

The Central symmetry in the space of the surrounding world of inanimate nature is clearly visible in the structure of the crystals. This kind of symmetry is clearly seen in the structure of snowflakes, which are ice crystals. Their form striking diversity. But they are all centrally symmetric. 

An example of a Central or radial symmetry can serve as the flowers of the plants: sunflower, chamomile, iris, Aster. This type of symmetry is also called rotary. If the petals of a flower or the rays of the snowflake to rotate about the center, they will overlap each other.

Mirror symmetry

Mirror symmetry in the space around us the natural world is observed in plants and animals. The sheet of maple, oak or fern, beetle or butterfly, spider, or caterpillar, mouse, or rabbit – here are just a few examples where it is possible in living organisms to see bilateral or mirror symmetry. Symmetric features of human faces and body parts: hands, legs. In these forms we see as if a mirror reflection of one half of the other. If you place the object in the plane, then its image can be mentally bend in the middle, and one half superimposed on another.

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Hypothesis of the origin of symmetry

In the scientific world there are several hypotheses which try to explain how there was symmetry in the space of our world. According to one, everything that grows up or down subject to the law's radial symmetry. And that is formed parallel to the earth's surface or at an incline thereto, adopts a mirror-symmetrical form. These properties trying to explain the attraction of the earth from the center of the planet and the different degree of illumination of objects in sunlight depending on their location.

Symmetry in science and art

Symmetry in space was appreciated by artists, sculptors and architects in ancient times. We can see symmetry elements in the ancient rock images in the ornamental decorations of ancient artifacts and weapons. The Egyptian pyramids and Mayan pyramids, the dome of the Slavic cathedrals, Greek temples and palaces, ancient arches and amphitheatres, the facade of the White house and Moscow Kremlin – here are just some examples of the desire for the sublime beauty and true excellence.

The Concept of symmetry was seriously developed by mathematicians. Mathematical studies have allowed to identify the main patterns of symmetry on the plane and in space. Physics and chemistry also not spared by this interesting natural pattern. Academician V. I. Vernadsky believed that “symmetry encompasses properties of all the fields dealt with by the physicist and the chemist”. Due to symmetrical structure of atoms, molecules of inorganic substances enter into various reactions and determine the physical properties of the crystal formation. Even if the laws of physics, which establishes the physical quantities are unchanged when various transformations, we can say that these laws have the invariance or symmetry with respect to the data transformation.