The basic elements of intonation. What are suggestions for tone?

The spoken language is characterized by a variety of emotionally-intonational tones. They can be used the same expression to add different values of surprise, mockery, issue, approval and other options. The letter is to convey much more difficult, but possible with the help of punctuation marks, which reflect the basic elements of intonation.

The Concept of intonation

Speaking without intonation seems dull, dry and lifeless. Only with the help of voice modulations can make any story alive and expressive. Therefore, intonation is called rhythmical-melodic side of the process of speaking.

A More narrow meaning of intonation implies variations of the voice tone, which in General terms is identified with the melody of speech. A broader understanding expands the concept of melody, complementing its pauses, pace and other components of the speech stream, until the tone of his voice and his rhythm. There are less regular and obvious basic elements of intonation. The emphasis applies to them as well as possible. It is not only verbal, but also about its logical form. The allocation in the speech stream of one word significantly changes the whole tone of the proposal.

Melody as a basis for intonation

To understand what is the difference meaning of the same phrase, but in different speech situations, you need to look at its melody. It starts the basic elements of intonation.

To begin, we note that the melody is organizing together a single sentence. But also it performs a semantic distinction. The same statements are given new shades, depending on how it manifests itself, the melody.

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If slightly to raise or lower the tone of the voice during speaking, you can easily change the purpose statements: from message to question, from censure to urge to act.

Let's Consider a concrete example: "Sit!” spoken with a sharp and loud tone, making the highlighted accent on the vowel, shows the categorical order. “side-e-et?!” – question and expresses outrage at the expense of twang shock a vowel and a rising intonation at the end of the phrase. Thus, we see that the same word is enriched with different melodies, has a completely different meaning.

Intonation syntax

To distinguish parts of a sentence, highlighting its semantic center and the completion of the speech phrase, people use different prosodic means. Since this is extremely important for such science as syntax, it is more studies all the funds.

The Russian language has six types of designs intonation. Its Central part is the syllable, which are all types of accents. Also, this center divides the design into two parts, which are allocated not in all phrases.

The Most common types, and, consequently, suggestions for intonation are declarative, interrogative and exclamation. Those intonation patterns and construct basic melodic picture of the question.

Types of sentences

Syntaxist distinguish proposals for the purpose of intonation. Each of them expresses a completely different information and has its own melody.

Declarative sentence quietly, smoothly and without any obvious intonation convey information. Most emotional shades in such sentences is made at the lexical level: "there stands a green oak, Golden chain on the oak tree…"

For the issue typical ascending-descending tone, which in the beginning of the question the tone is significantly increased, and towards the end – is reduced: "When did you get here?"

But the exclamation has a smooth rising intonation. The tone of voice rises gradually, and in the end achieves the highest tension: "She came!"

We conclude that intonation, examples of which we discussed above, is used to Express emotion and attitude of the one who speaks, to the contents of said information.

Other intonational means

If we consider this vopros more details, suggestions for intonation are not only three types. Additional tools give unlimited picture emotionally-intonational expressions.

The human Voice has a different quality. It can be loud and quiet, hoarse and sonorous, squeaky, tense and fluid. All these qualities make the speech more melodious and expressive. But they are poorly transferred to the individual letter characters.

A Strong or weak voice in the moment of speech is also significantly changing the intonation. Examples of fear or uncertainty, which were expressed very quietly, or anger, which, on the contrary, it sounds very loud.

From the speech rate also varies her intonation picture. Melodies and a fast speech indicates the roughness condition of the person who is speaking. The slow pace inherent in a situation of uncertainty or solemnity.

And, perhaps, the most basic means of intonation – pause. They are phrasal and clock. Serve for expression of emotions and division of speech stream into completed units. In their modality pauses are completed and not completed. Firstused in the absolute end of the sentence. In its middle there is a place for work breaks that draw the end of the beat, but not entire sentences.

The proper use of the pause depends on the meaning of the sentence. A well-known example: "Execute not pardon." From the place of the pause depends on you survive or not.

Reflection of the tone of the letter

The Intonation of the text is more typical for spontaneous speech when a person can control the voice, and use it to change the melody of the utterance. Writing looks pretty dry and uninteresting, if you do not use the means through which is transmitted the tone. Examples of such signs are known to all from school – dots, dashes, exclamation and question marks, commas.

End of thoughts draws the point. The consequent unfolding of the phrase is made by a comma indicating the place of the pauses. Unfinished, ragged idea – the dot.

But the causal relationships are expressed with a dash. Before him in speech, the intonation always goes up, and after – is on the decline. The colon, on the contrary, is characterized by the fact that before him the voice of a little subside, and after a pause begins a new round of its development with a gradual fading towards the end of the sentence.

General intonation of the text

With the help of intonation means you can add the General tone of the sound to text. Romantic stories are always tense and intriguing. They evoke emotions of empathy and sympathy. But simply reports does not respond on an emotional level. In them, besides the breaks, there are no other significant intonational means.

Of Course, one can argue that the overall sound of a text depends entirely on private intonational means. But the overall picture is reflected only when the use of some elements of the melody for the disclosure of the main idea. Without this, the message can be confusing to people who read it.

Intonation in different speech styles

Every style of speech has its own intonation picture. Depending on the purpose statements, it can be as the most advanced and versatile and minimal, without much emotional overflow.

The official and scientific styles in this plan can be called the most dry. They recount the specific facts, built on stale information.

The Most emotional styles can be called and spoken art. To transfer all the colors of the speech on the letter use the basic elements of intonation, and other less popular products. Often that the reader is presented the speech of the character, the authors resort to a detailed description of the process of pronunciation. This is all complemented by the intonation of the written signs. Therefore, the reader easily to the head reproduces the intonation, which he sees through visual perception.