History, traditions, the capital, the head of state and the state language of Belarus

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2019-09-02 11:20:34

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Belarus – is a country in Eastern Europe. Were formerly part of the USSR, and in 1991 came out of it. Now has several names – Belarus or Belarus. But the official name has been maintained for 25 years – the Republic of Belarus. The history of this country – is very rich. She, like Ukraine, were ruled by poles, the Russian Empire, the Duchy of Lithuania.

General information

By the beginning of 2016, the population of Belarus amounted to almost 9.5 million people. These figures moved the state in the 93 place in the world ranking by number of inhabitants. The country is 207 thousand sq. m. It is 84 in the world. Power has a unitary form of government – a presidential Republic. Before we know what is the official language in Belarus, it is necessary to turn to the history of the country, its traditions and people.

state language of Belarus

Name

The roots of the name come back to XIII century, Then the Europeans called White Russia the territory of Veliky Novgorod. The place where now is located the modern state, were called Poluchennoi. It became known as White Russia only after the XVI century, Later also called the Eastern lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. And the residents of this area have become belorustsami

Only to the XIX century, when Belarus became part of the Russian Empire, renamed the local Belarusians.

Russia

It is Known that IX century, attributed to the formation of the state under the leadership of Rurik. The famous trade route "from the Varangians to the Greeks” touched on the territory of modern Belarus. The ancient Russian state for a long period of time and cope with local principalities, and with raids from outside. In 988 there was a significant event-the Baptism of Rus. A little later, of the diocese of Polotsk and Turov.

what is the official language in Belarus

In the twelfth century occurred the events which led to fragmentation and the disintegration of the whole state in the Russian principalities. The Mongol invasion broke then all the peoples of Russia, but this area was affected only slightly. Then it was impossible to establish which language in Belarus is the state, so as yet there were no powers with the same name.

Lithuanian and Polish influence

After the political events in the territory of modern powers were under the influence of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which was formed in the mid-thirteenth century. By the XIV century the state was a multi-ethnic and multi-religious land.

Belarus head of the state language

After you have had a rough time under the rule of the Commonwealth. Come and Catholicism on the entire territory of the former Duchy of Lithuania. At that time the population of modern Belarus was Orthodox. After the formation of the Uniate Church among the inhabitants was a lot of dissatisfied. But at the end of the eighteenth century, many people became Uniates, and those who occupied the upper class – Catholics.

Russian rule

Under the rule of the Russian Empire began to appear in the territory of Belarus. Then the so-called Belarusian Governor-General, which included the Vitebsk and Mogilev provinces.

The Inhabitants of these lands it was hard to call lucky. Throughout the Empire introduced conscription and serfdom. The inhabitants of the Western region of modern power then got in a mess with the Polish uprising. Then began a total Russification of the territory. Was cancelled on Statute, the Unitarian Church merged with the Orthodox. And in 1866 was repealed by the current national language of Belarus-in Belarusian. Empire carried out the reform, not only related to religion and politics. The government tried to regain cultural superiority.

Then there was no such thing as Belarus. The head of the state language especially was not formed. But many writers began to promote the native language, under the influence of the Russification policy. Among them were the Yanka Luchina and Frantisek Bogushevich. Events of the Polish uprising of 1863 led to the fact that among the people began to grow the Belarusian identity.

Fundamental changes

By the time the Russian Empire had ceased to exist and was replaced by the Provisional government, the territory of modern Belarus has not changed. During the October revolution began with radical changes.

In 1917, held the First all-Belarusian Congress. By 1918 was formed the Belarusian people's Republic. After the liberation of Poland decided to declare their rights to the state. So there was the Soviet-Polish front.

Uncertainty

As you know, the year 1919 began with the fact that on the map there was a Soviet socialist RepublicBelarus. Its main city was Minsk. But a month later the newly made lands came from the RSFSR. Now it was the Belarusian Soviet socialist Republic.

Russian language in Belarus the state

But it didn't last long. Again a month later disbanded the Republic, and the provinces were ceded to the RSFSR, and part was the Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. Litbel was short-lived - already in the summer of 1919 it was occupied by the poles.

Later, with the formation of the USSR was named, the territory was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. And from 1922 it was under the control of the Soviet Union, however, not at full strength.

Pre-war time

Despite the fact that under the Treaty to the territory of Belarus have not added some province, yet it is at times increased. The country accounted for half of the modern area of the state. More than 70% were Belarusians. The population reached 4 million people.

It is no accident, and the proclamation of Belarusization. Besides the culture here cared about the fact that a state language of Belarus was paramount. Although it was difficult to do, as the territory was divided between the States and this had an impact on it residents. Until the mid 30-ies with the Republic there were several official languages: in addition to the Belarusian - Russian, Polish and Yiddish. The latter was popular among the Jewish population until 1999. Then it said about 7% of the population.

The slogan "Proletarians of all countries, unite!” here was written in four languages, but, in addition, on the territory of the Republic existed and the Polish national district.

At the same time, there is linguistic reform that eliminates the tarashkevitsa, resulting in the state language of Belarus was reformed and became similar to the Russian. In spelling we have added more than 30 phonetic and morphological features.

Over time, political and social situation began to deteriorate. Schools became in times less, the population remained illiterate. Students there were about 200 people. More than half of the Orthodox churches became Catholic. The crisis has forced tens of thousands of people to emigrate to Europe and America.

Formation

After the Second world war, the Republic was rebuilding, like other lands of the Soviet Union. Only after the collapse of the Soviet Union she became parliamentary. Residents began to call the newly made country of Belarus. The capital, the head of state, the official language continued to be formed. Stanislau Shushkevich was the first who took up the reins of government, but only until 1994.

what language in Belarus is the government

It was then that was formed the Constitution, and held presidential elections. Alexander Lukashenka became the first and only President of Belarus. Form of government into a parliamentary-presidential. In 1995 he received Russian language, Belarus state status.

Alexander Lukashenko won the elections in 2001, followed in 2006. later, in 2010, he was re-elected for the fourth time. Moreover, both the EU and the United States with the OSCE pointedly did not recognize the election results from 2001 to 2015, When Alexander Lukashenko became President, the EU suspended sanctions against the Republic. The last time he voted more than 83% of the population of the whole country.

Languages

As mentioned earlier, at the moment the national language of Belarus is Belarusian and Russian. But part of the population can communicate in Polish, Ukrainian, Lithuanian. The country observed linguistic tolerance.

country Belorussia state language

In practice, most of the population is still Russian-speaking. Many of those who live in the capital and major cities, and completely forgot Belarusian. Young people almost do not know. In small towns you can find a trasianka (surzhik in Ukraine). This mixture of Russian and Belarusian does not meet the standards of any of the above languages. It happens that some official person can speak trasianka. Pure Belarusian can be found only in small villages in the countryside. Sometimes he uses the intelligentsia and patriots.

Culture

Nationality, language and tradition, Belarus diverse. As mentioned earlier, here you can find and those who speak Polish, Lithuanian, Ukrainian and even Hebrew. In the school curriculum necessarily learn the Russian language. Writing using the Cyrillic alphabet.

Belarus handsomely the head of state official language

Now on the territory of Belarus is home to more than 80% of Belarusians, 8% Russian, 3% poles, 1% of Ukrainians. There are also Lithuanians, Armenians, Jews, Gypsies, Georgians, Chinese, Arabs, Chuvash, etc.The population of the country has shaped history. Large villages have always lived the indigenous people. In the cities - the Jews, in the North many poles, and in the East - Russian. Part of the southern territory was occupied by the Ukrainians. Despite the fact that more than 80% of the population are Belarusians, in the villages it is possible to observe diverse ethnic composition.

Most of the traditions of this state is similar to Ukrainian or Russian. This is because almost all the festivals and ceremonies are basically Christian traditions. The only difference in the name. For example, the famous Trinity here called Siomucha, Ivan Kupala – Kupalle, Petrov day – Piatra.

Has its special days, which can be found only in the villages of Belarus, Ukraine or Russia: Radonitsa, the Clicking spring, Gromnica or Grandparents. Traditional in the Republic are considered and crafts: weaving, woodworking, pottery, straw.

ethnic language and traditions of Belarus

Very cultured and peaceful country Belarus. Official language - Belarusian - unfortunately, gradually ceases to exist, although unlikely to happen its complete disappearance. Still a huge number of people in the villages still use it in everyday life. They will continue to teach their children and grandchildren of their national move.


Article in other languages:

AR: https://tostpost.com/ar/education/19107-history-traditions-the-capital-the-head-of-state-and-the-state-languag.html

BE: https://tostpost.com/be/adukacyya/36382-g-storyya-tradycy-stal-ca-k-ra-n-k-dzyarzhavy-dzyarzha-nuyu-movu-belar.html

DE: https://tostpost.com/de/bildung/36027-geschichte-tradition-hauptstadt-staatsoberhaupt-und-die-amtssprache-vo.html

ES: https://tostpost.com/es/la-educaci-n/35868-la-historia-la-tradici-n-la-capital-el-jefe-de-estado-y-el-idioma-ofic.html

HI: https://tostpost.com/hi/education/20814-history-traditions-the-capital-the-head-of-state-and-the-state-languag.html

JA: https://tostpost.com/ja/education/18770-history-traditions-the-capital-the-head-of-state-and-the-state-languag.html

KK: https://tostpost.com/kk/b-l-m/36672-tarih-d-st-r-astana-memleket-basshysy-memlekett-k-t-l-zh-ne-belorussiy.html

PL: https://tostpost.com/pl/edukacja/37957-historia-tradycje-stolica-g-owa-pa-stwa-i-j-zyk-pa-stwowy-bia-orusi.html

PT: https://tostpost.com/pt/educa-o/37720-a-hist-ria-a-tradi-o-a-capital-o-chefe-de-estado-e-o-idioma-oficial-da.html

TR: https://tostpost.com/tr/e-itim/33151-tarih-gelenek-ba-kent-devlet-ba-kan-ve-devlet-dili-belarus.html

UK: https://tostpost.com/uk/osv-ta/36987-stor-ya-tradic-stolicya-glava-derzhavi-derzhavna-mova-b-lorus.html

ZH: https://tostpost.com/zh/education/18445-history-traditions-the-capital-the-head-of-state-and-the-state-languag.html






Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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