The sphagnum moss. Sphagnum moss: photo, where it grows. The life cycle of the moss sphagnum

In wetlands, areas where there are a large number of reservoirs, grow specific plants. Many of them have useful and unique properties. Quite common in the forest zone of the sphagnum moss. Photo, where it grows, this "natural sponge" (so in Greek its title), presented below. The name was given due to hygroscopic properties.

General information

Green mosses belong to the major groups of mossy plants. Most of them have bright colors. Sphagnum moss is easy enough to distinguish. It in comparison with the others looks much paler. Often in the forest you can meet even the white sphagnum moss. It becomes colorless, if exposed to sasuske. The roots of "sponge" are missing. The lower part of the plants turned into peat. Digestion takes place due to the substances possessing bactericidal properties. Sphagnum moss can be found, in principle, everywhere. But most of all it is distributed in the Northern hemisphere of the planet. Favorite places are considered wetlands, prichenennye, wet places. In these areas there is a massive reproduction of "sponge".

Description

I Should say that the structure of sphagnum moss is similar to other members of the species. In the process of growth are shaped not branched erect stems, which are collected in dense cushions or turfs. Their height is usually no more than five centimeters. The present stem is not. The elements that correspond to them, are called filidei and kauliniai. Through the cracks that exist between these parts, supplied a large part of the salts and water required for normal life. Filidei, as a rule, consist of one cell layer. The rhizoids are playing the role of roots. Through these branching multicellular filaments absorbed from the soil water with dissolved useful compounds. However, with age, the rhizoids are losing the ability to "guides" and only serve to support and consolidate the substrate.

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What is the life cycle of a sphagnum moss?

As with vascular plants, of this species there is an alternation of asexual generation (sporophyte) and sexual (gametophyte). The latter is represented by the photosynthesizing green plant. Gametes are formed in reproductive organs (gametangia). Men's gametangia referred to as anteridiâmi, female – archegoniate. From a zygote (fertilized egg) leaves sporophyte-the spore-bearing generation. Mossy plants have virtually no chlorophyll. Sporophytes remain attached to gametophyte, getting food from him. In each cell there is a diploid (double) chromosome set. The gametophyte is haploid (single) structure of chromosomes (in gametes). Two single sets at the confluence of sperm and egg is formed by a double. It is necessary for the development of the sporophyte. During spore formation occurs meiosis (reductive cell division). As a result, every dispute becomes haploid again. Then it can germinate in the same single gametophyte. Spore formed filamentous branched structure. It is called protonemas. It begin to form kidneys. Of them later developing gametophytes.

Development processes

As growing sphagnum moss? Where it grows "sponge" is best? The degree of diffusion primarily depends on the composition of the soil. The most favorable environment is poorly ventilated soil with nekoshenom grass and reduced pH. Sphagnum moss - a plant common in shaded areas, under trees, on primenenij parts of buildings, walkways, monuments. It should be noted that the growth is very fast. And if in the forest zone of mossy plants make up the natural landscape, with the appearance of them on private land creates a lot of problems and obstacles to the development of other species of flora. In this regard, it is more likely to think about ventilation lawns, walkways, facades.

Mechanical ways of dealing with the "sponge" on the plot

One of the main reasons for the growth of moss is considered to be insufficient ventilation of the soil. To ensure ventilation should penetrate deep into the soil, while ensuring the access of air to the lower layers. If weed spread is not very strong, it is possible to fix it manually. It is enough to dig each Bush. Of considerable importance in preventing the spread of moss has the right lawn mowing. It affects the ability of lying at a depth of about 8 cm of turf to hold the air, moisture and fertilizer. As mentioned above, high humidity creates a favourable environment for the propagation of sponges.

Chemical methods

In the fight against moss growth can help and fertilizers. For this purpose suitable mixtures that reduce the acidity of the soil. Experts recommend to give preference to integrated tools for processing ornamental lawns. The fertilizer usually has three components: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Such compounds have a dual effect. First and foremost, due to the properties of the iron sulfate is the loss of mossy growths. Secondly, due to the presence of nitrogen aktiviziruyutsya the growth of grass. If you apply the fertilizer to moist soil, the death of moss is faster. As practice shows, the reduction of acidity of the soil is celebrated for two days after treatment. In spring or summer sprinkle should only mossy areas. In the case of extensive spread of plants should fertilize the entire plot completely. Abuse however, fertilizer is not necessary. To use mix it is possible not more often than once in 2 months. Experts advise to do with lowering the acidity of the soil in the autumn. In the result, the alkaline composition of the soil will be provided throughout the winter.

Simple way of getting rid of the proliferation of "sponge"

A Very effective tool to deal with the moss on facades or monuments is regular soda. Her solution creates bad alkaline environment. However, to say that if part of a building or monument is located in a shaded place, the reintroduction of sphagnum moss can not be avoided. So you have to regularly clean. You can use powders specifically designed for this purpose. You can buy them in stores for gardening.

Sphagnum Moss. Application

"Sponge" has a number of useful properties that it is used in various fields. In medicine use began in the 11th century. And to the 19th sphagnum moss began to circulate in the provinces for use as dressing material. During the war it was an indispensable tool with high hygroscopicity and the ability to quickly and easily absorb the pus, blood and other liquids. Some companies today produce sphagnum-gauze sponges, which are impregnated additionally with a solution of boric acid. In the composition of the present spagnol moss – penelopedevine connection. This substance has bactericidal, antifungal and disinfectant action. Humic acid, also present in the plant exhibit antibiotic properties. The use of sphagnum insoles contributes to the rapid relief from foot fungus. When skin lesions of an infectious nature, psoriasis and other pathologies recommended baths with infusion of moss. For the preparation cut a small amount of "sponge", filled with water (70-80 degrees). Sphagnum is used as a filler for diapers, mattresses. It is recommended as a backing diapers for the elderly and seriously ill.

Use in gardening and animal husbandry

Gardeners use moss in the cultivation of young shoots or for the salvation of ill copies. Due to the hygroscopicity of the "sponge" to effectively hold moisture in the substrate. Especially often used when caring for orchids. For growing shoots of the moss scald, cool and squeeze. After it should be prepared to shed mineral liquid fertilizer "Kemira Suite", again gently squeeze and place in a plastic bag. Closed moss must be kept for four days. Every two months, prepared this way, the soil should be transplanted the Orchid. When its roots reach five to seven inches, the plant is placed in the substrate of pine bark. Sphagnum moss is also used to protect plants from frost in the garden. As a hygienic means of sphagnum being used in cages with hamsters, rats, Guinea pigs. This natural filler is great for odors, disinfects and absorbs moisture.

Blank

When gathering moss, you should not pull it together with the bottom part. To the right of the workpiece with a pair of scissors cut the tip. In this case, the remaining part will be able to give shoots. Assembled moss home, you must pour over boiling water. This is done to eliminate larvae and eggs of insects. The properties of the moss is not lost. Dried material outdoors in Sunny weather with a small waterco...