Minerals: the names. Kinds of minerals (photo)

Nature gives man the possibility to use the produced goods. Therefore, people live quite comfortably and have everything you need. After all, water, salt, metals, fuel, electricity and many more - all created by natural means and further converted in the right to human form.

The same applies to such products of nature as minerals. These many different crystal structures are essential raw materials for a huge number of a variety of industrial processes in economic activities of people. So let's consider what are the types of minerals and that generally represent these connections.

Minerals: General characteristics

In Mineralogy is common in the sense the term "mineral" refers to a solid consisting of chemical elements and having a number of individual physico-chemical properties. In addition, it established should be only in a natural way, under the influence of certain natural processes.

The Minerals can be formed as simple substances (native) and complex. Way of their formation are also different. There are processes that contribute to their obrazovanju:

• Magmaticheskie;
• Hydrothermally;
• Osadochnye;
• Metamorphogenic;
• Biogenie.

  

Large aggregates of minerals, collected in a single system, called rocks. Therefore, to confuse these two concepts should not be. Rock minerals are extracted by crushing and processing of entire pieces of rocks.

The Chemical composition of compounds of interest can be different and contain a large number of different materials-impurities. However, there's always one main thing that dominates the composition. Therefore, it is crucial, as impurities are not taken into account.

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Structure of minerals

The mineral Structure - crystal. There are several options of bars, which it can be predstavlena:

• Kupecheskaya;
• Hexagonally;
• Rembiesa;
• Tetragonally;
• Monoclona;
• Trigonella;
• Triclinia.

Klassificeret these connections on the chemical composition of the substance determines.

Minerals Types

It is Possible to result the following classification that reflects the major part of the composition of the mineral.

1. Native or simple substances. It is also minerals. Examples of the following: gold, iron, carbon, as diamond, charcoal, anthracite coal, sulfur, silver, selenium, cobalt, copper, arsenic, bismuth, and many others.
2. Halides, which include chlorides, fluorides, bromides. This minerals, examples of which are known to everyone: rock salt (sodium chloride) or halite, sylvite, fluorite.
3. Oxides and hydroxides. Formed by the oxides of metals and nonmetals, that is, by connection them with oxygen. This group includes minerals whose names - chalcedony, corundum (ruby, sapphire), magnetite, quartz, hematite, rutile, and other cassematic.
4. Nitrate. Examples: potassium and sodium nitrate.
5. Borates: optical calcite, Eremeeva.
6. Carbonates - salts of carbonic acid. It is the minerals whose names are the following: malachite, aragonite, magnesite, limestone, chalk, marble and others.
7. Sulfates: gypsum, barite, Selenite.
8. The Tungstates, molybdates, chromates, Vanadate, arsenate, phosphate, - all salts of the corresponding acids, which form different structures of the minerals. Name - nepheline, Apatite and others.
9. Silicates. Salt of silicic acid, consisting of a group of SiO₄. Examples the following minerals: beryl, feldspar, Topaz, garnet, kaolinite, talc, tourmaline, jadein, lapis lazuli and others.

   

In Addition to the above mentioned groups, there are also organic compounds that form the whole of natural deposits. For example, peat, coal, orkit, oxalate calcium, iron and other. As well as some carbides, silicides, phosphides, and nitrides.

Native elements

These are minerals (photo can be seen below), which are formed by simple substances. For example:

• Gold sand and nuggets, ingots;
• Diamond and graphite are allotropic modifications of the crystal lattice of carbon;
• Copper;
• Silver.
• Iron
• Sulphur;
• Platinum group metals.

  

Often these substances are found in large aggregations with other minerals, pieces of rocks and ores. Production and their use in the industry are important to humans. They form the basis, raw materials for the production of the materials from which subsequently produce a variety of household items, construction, decoration, instruments, etc.

Phosphate, arsenate, Vanadate

This group includes rocks and minerals, which are predominantly exogenous origin, that is found in the outer layers of the crust. Inside are formed only phosphates. Salts of phosphoric, arsenic and vanadium acid actually quite a lot. However, if we consider the overall picture, the overall percentage of their content in the crust is small.

There are a few of the most common crystals that relate to this gruppe:

• Apatit;
• Viviana;
• Lindakerite;
• Rosenet;
• Carnatic;
• Pascoite.

As already mentioned, these minerals form the rocks of rather impressive magnitude.

The Oxides and hydroxides

This group of minerals includes all oxides, both simple and complex, which are formed by metals, nonmetals, intermetallide and transitional elements. The total percentage content of these substances in the earth's crust is 5%. The only exception, which belongs to the silicates and not to the group, is the oxide of silicon SiO₂ with all its varieties.

It is Possible to cite countless examples of similar minerals, but denote the most rasprostranennye:

1. Granite.
2. Magnetic.
3. Hematite.
4. Ilmenit.
5. Columbit.
6. Spinel.
7. Izvesti.
8. Gibbet.
9. Romanechite.
10. Halferty.
11. Corundum (ruby, sapphire).
12. Bauxite.

Carbonates

This class of minerals includes a great variety of representatives who also have important practical significance for humans. So, there are the following subclasses or groups:

• Calcite
• Dolomite;
• Aragonite;
• Malachite;
• Soda minerals;
• Bastnesite.

Each subclass includes in its membership from a few to a dozen representatives. There are about a hundred various mineral carbonates. The most common nih:

• Mramor;
• Izvestnyak;
• Malahit;
• Apatit;
• Siderit;
• Smithsonite;
• Magnetic;
• Carbonatite and other.

Some are valued as a very common and important building material, others are used to create jewelry, and others find application in engineering. However, all are important, and their production is very active.

Silicates

The diverse external shapes and the number of representatives of a group of minerals. This variation is due to the fact that the silicon atoms lying in the basis of their chemical structure, capable of connecting to different kinds of structure, coordinating itself around a few atoms of oxygen. So, can form the following types konstrukci:

• Ostrovnoye;
• Capocaccia;
• Lentochnye;
• Listove.

These minerals, photos of which you can see in the article, is known to everyone. At least some of them. Because these include such as:

• Topaz;
• Garnets
• Chrysoprase;
• Rhinestone;
• Opal;
• Chalcedony, and others.

They are used in jewelry, valued as a rugged design for use in engineering.

It is also Possible to cite as an example the minerals whose names are not known to ordinary people, not related to the Mineralogy, but nevertheless they are very important in promyshlennosti:

1. Datanet.
2. Olivin.
3. Murmanite.
4. Hisoka.
5. Evdialit.
6. Burill.