Animals – orders of mammals, which has about 230 species. They have different sizes and appearance, but still have some similarities. What is special about these animals? What is the difference between the groups artiodactyls and equids? This is what we will talk.
The order Artiodactyla in biology refers to placental mammals and are divided into ruminant and non-ruminant moolanomy. Mostly members of the order of herbivorous, some, for example, pigs, Duiker, Olenka are omnivorous.
They live on all continents except Antarctica. A semi-aquatic way of life are only hippos, the rest live on land. Most of the animals of the order Artiodactyla run fast. They move strictly parallel to the ground, so devoid of clavicles.
They are rarely ‘singles”, usually gathering in flocks. The majority of artiodactyls – nomads. They don't stay long in one place, do not build burrows and shelters, constantly moving in search of food. For them characteristic of seasonal migration.
I Wonder what their distant relatives are whales. Once these huge sea creatures came on land, and even had a common ancestor with modern behemoths. A semi-aquatic way of life so changed them that they resemble fish. However, clever scientists have long solved the puzzle and combined two units in group cytopathicity.
Groups artiodactyls and equids mammals can be easily confused, but actually they are not identical. The most obvious difference – this is the structure of the hoof. From equids or nepalnepal animals they cover an odd number of toes. For example, in horses it is only one of three tapirs on the hindquarters and four on the front.
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Another difference concerns the structure of the digestive system. Cloven-hoofed animals it is much complicated. They have a four-chambered stomach, which allows you to more thoroughly break down food. Equids have a single chamber stomach, and the main stage digestion occurs in the colon.
Habitat equids is much narrower. In the past, they lived everywhere, except Australia and Antarctica. Today wild populations of these animals are found only in South and Central America, Central and South-East Asia, Eastern and southern Africa.
The Presence of hoof – the main defining feature of cloven-hoofed animals equids and animals. This Horny “cases” covering the phalanges of animals. In fact, it is highly compacted and modified skin, the epidermis which turned into a blister.
They are needed for shock absorption and prevent damaging the extremities. “the Horny capsule” or “shoes” is not just a process. They are connected with the blood vessels and increase blood flow to the fingers during active movement.
Hooves of various types changed depending on the nature of the soil. So, the animals that inhabit the environment with soft soil, the Horny sheath is wide and large. The inhabitants of rocky and stony areas of the hooves are narrow and small.
They account For the entire weight of the animal, while it is distributed unevenly, causing some fingers are shorter. From equids best developed third finger. The rest can be shortened (the horse disappeared altogether). In mammals of the order Artiodactyla well-developed third and fourth toes. First – is reduced, and the second and fifth much shorter and underdeveloped.
Most species of the order Artiodactyla refers to ruminants. The structure is usually slender animals that can inhabit as steppes and high mountain ridges.
They include large and small livestock (goats, cows, sheep, yaks, buffaloes), as well as deer, giraffes, bison, bisons, elks, wild goats, etc. Many have thick hair and two horns on his head.
For ruminants has a distinctive digestive system. Their four-chambered stomach, not from food spends in the intestine. Passing through the first two divisions, food regurgitation returns to the oral cavity. There she carefully moistened with saliva and frays, and then sent to the remaining cells of the stomach.
The ruminants the missing upper incisors and canines. In place of these teeth is Horny plate, which helps lower teeth to cut the grass. Front and lateral teeth separated by a large gap. But the family olelkovich and Kabulovich the upper canines are. They resemble the tusks and reach up to seven inches in length. They need fangs for defense, catching small mammals and fish.
The non-ruminant Suborder includes only three families: begemotov, pork and Makarieva. All of them are big and massive animals. They have four fingers, the limbs are significantly shortened, in comparison with other mammals detachment artiodactyls, the structure of the stomach is simplified.
Pigs live in Eurasia and Africa, wild Makarieva inhabit North and South America. Both families are very similar. They have a large head with elongated front part, short neck. The upper canines are well developed and protrude from the mouth either on the sides or vertically.
Begemotov live only in Africa and are one of the largest in the animal world. Hippos can grow up to 3.5 meters in length and weigh 2 to 4 tons. Most of the time they spend in the water, can dive and swim fast. From the mouth of a Hippo peeking two powerful lower canines weighing up to three pounds. Because these animals become a frequent target for poachers.
Masalamovies – the least diverse suborder of Artiodactyla. It only includes the camel family, in which, except camels, are also the Lama's and vicuñas. Their limbs have two toes, with no hooves, and there are large curved claws. The foot is soft and the sole is a large calloused pillow.
Almost all masalamovies was domesticated by man. They are bred in Asia, Africa and South America. Free-living now is only one-humped camel in Australia who run wild again.
Animals have elongated neck and slender long legs. In camels back is one or two humps. They can live in mountainous and desert areas, is able long to endure the lack of food and water. People are bred for their thick and soft fur, meat, and also used them as pack animals.
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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."
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