Proton pump inhibitors: mechanism of action and use in medicine

Proton pump inhibitors is a group of pharmacological drugs that reduce the intensity of secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Having a direct influence on the secretory canaliculi, they effectively lead to the desired therapeutic effect for ulcers, erosive gastritis, GERD. The group included a combination of drugs, similar in chemical structure, but have different pharmacodynamic parameters, that is, drugs almost equally act on the secretory cells, but they do it in different concentrations and at different speeds.

Proton pump Inhibitors: the molecular effects of drugs

A Proton pump is a complex protein structure that regulates the penetration of hydrogen ions into the lumen of the stomach. It consists of two chemically dissimilar elements, called subunits. The first is exclusively of protein and is constructed of  amino acids. In the membrane of the parietal cell it behaves in a special way, crossing it 10 times, which leads to the formation of the 5 loops of the secretory channel. Passing through their cavities, the ions enter the lumen of the stomach and provide acidification of the medium and the drop of pH. This is in one of the loops is the active site of the protein-a sequence of 800 amino acids, which catalyzes the decay of ATP, the primary energy substrate of the cell.

The Other subunit is a complex protein that is composed of a polypeptide sequence, ordered accordingly to a specific structure, and glycoproteins chain. The majority of the molecule is located outside the cytoplasm, and glikoproteina part is probably extracytoplasmic receptor complex, which picks up the signal about activation of the enzyme H+K+-ATPase. Thus the protein part of the molecule crosses the membrane once, it says on its importance as a connecting element between the outer and the first receptor subunit, responsible for carrying out a catalytic reaction for the synthesis of protons.

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Accordingly, the structure of the proton pump secretory tubules of parietal cells can be concluded about how simple way you can suppress the secretion of H+ into the cavity of the body. The most viable option – inhibition of the enzyme responsible for the synthesis, which makes Proton pump inhibitors.

The Use of inhibitors in clinical practice

In medicine is Proton pump inhibitors are widely used, especially in gastroenterology, due to their ability to reduce the acidity of gastric secretions, and thus reduce the amount of damaging influence on the stomach walls, which is especially important when inflammation. Thus, the therapeutic effect does not depend on the etiology of the inflammatory process, as it is removed by the aggressive influence of the environment on the integrity of the body. The range of pathologies, effective treatment using proton pump inhibitors, extended with a stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcers, GERD erosive and non-erosive forms.

Among the most common drugs include proton pump inhibitors with the following generic names omeprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole, and others. Among them are trade names, such as "Omez". Medicines available in capsules. They are taken orally in prescribed specialist the dosage, which varies depending on the specific type of pathology. This allowed self-administration, as there is a group of patients who complain of seasonal exacerbation of chronic gastric or duodenal ulcers. In other cases, the admission is discussed with the doctor during your appointment.