Representation of information in computers

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2018-03-21 01:19:08

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Have You ever wondered what is common between ancient people, modern man and computer? Despite the differences, the total is still there. Cave paintings of primitive man, of our contemporaries and binary code in computers – all of these are ways of presenting information, or, more accurately, only some of their types. Now that computers have become part of daily life, society, everyone, to keep up with the times, it is necessary to understand at least the basic terms and concepts.

Since its inception, the computing system has changed several generations: first it was mechanical calculating machines, and then tube models and, finally, solid state electronic varieties. Interestingly, since that time, when was the beginning of computing, the basic principles of coding of the data remained unchanged. In other words, the presentation of information in a computer is the same as in mechanical devices. Of course, we are talking about principles, not the methods of implementation. Everyone knows that the provision of information to a computer has a binary nature. Talk about it on the first Informatics lessons at school. What does the term "binary calculation”?

Let's count to ten: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4…10. In this series of ten digits, which “10” - is absent, as it consists of two more simple “1” and “0”. The presentation of the information in computer otherwise. It uses only the first two digits, and not just their image, and electric discharges: the transistor, this “brick” modern electronic circuits, can take two positions-closed and open. If his base is served barrier voltage (there is a discharge, a logical unit), the element current is not conducting and Vice versa. Of course, in practice, the representation of information in a computer is implemented by more complex mechanisms: “1” can mean both the presence and the absence of a signal. The latter are not just manages the state of a single transistor, and generates the operation of logic circuits "And – OR”.

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Logical “0” and “1” are called bits (binary digit-a binary digit, digit). The group of eight (not ten!) bits is a byte. Combining them in sequence, you can encode any character. Therefore, bytes – is the smallest unit of information. In turn, changing the order of the bytes, you can encode (to submit in digital form) any information. Such encoding is performed as separate devices, and computer programs. For example, when we say “on Skype” on the microphone, the analog electrical signal (wave) is converted a sound card into a stream of logical zeros and ones that are passed to the program of the interlocutor, which is the inverse transform – wave is sent to the reproducing device. Similarly, clicking on any keyboard button, the user tells the program the desired binary code, although for convenience, the screen displays the desired character.

Ways of representing information in a computer, as already mentioned, allow to encode all the. For example, for digitizing the images used in the following solution: as any picture can be represented as a set of points, each of which is characterized by the coordinates on the plane, brightness, color, all these data are enough to turn in clear to the computer a sequence of ones and zeros. Next to view an electronic copy on the screen of the monitor program sends to the output device information for each point, and according to it build the picture.

The Advantage of the binary system before the other is its simplicity and the convenience of “attachment” to the management of electronic keys. In part, this was the main reason for its use in modern computer systems.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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