Russian General Kutepov, Aleksandr Pavlovich biography, service in White army, the memory

The Famous military leader of the white movement Alexander Pavlovich Kutepov was born 28 September 1882, Cherepovets in the humble family of a provincial official. Childhood and school years of the boy were held in the far Northern Arkhangelsk. The small income of the family taught Alexander to unassuming a Spartan life-skill, useful to him in the difficult service.

Early years

In 1902, after graduating from the gymnasium in Arkhangelsk future General Kutepov received located in Saint Petersburg, Vladimir military school. The school experience allowed youth to easily overcome the theoretical course. However, he had weakness – drill. Kutepov has faced problems typical of all young people in the military schools of civil educational institutions. But despite the difficulties, to meet him at a new stage of life, Alexander managed to cope with all challenges. Helped him a resolute perseverance, which in adult life is also not just helped the General.

In 1904, Alexander Pavlovich Kutepov graduated from College and became a second Lieutenant in the 85th Vyborg infantry regiment. After a few months on the traditional ceremony Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich has made it to the sergeants.

Japanese war

No sooner had the Alexander Kutepov to be in service, how did the Russo-Japanese war. Got to the front, he immediately on his own initiative asked a group of our scouts. Soon a young non-commissioned officer distinguished himself during the attack on the Outpost of the Japanese. His squad got valuable trophies (rifles and guns). The formal chief of the Vyborg regiment was a cousin of the Russian Tsar to Kaiser Wilhelm. He gave Kutepova order of the German Crown. Noted scout and native power. For the period of the Russo-Japanese war, Alexander Kutepov received the order of St. Stanislaus 3rd degree, St. Anna 4-th degree and St. Vladimir 4-th degree.

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At the end of violent conflict in the far East skilled the scout was supposed to train new recruits. Returning to Russia, he first immersed himself in the revolutionary events (on the background of failures in the war with Japan across the country the revolution broke out in 1905). Future General Kutepov was on a train when a disgruntled strikers stopped the train and announced the creation of their own Republic. The military did not panic and rallied the support of loyal soldiers, arrested the revolutionary Committee staged a riot at the railway station.

Vague

With the beginning of the First world war Alexander Kutepov headed 4th company of the Preobrazhensky regiment. 20 August 1914 battle under Vladislavova over to his wound. The officer soon recovered and took part in several successful operations against the Germans. On the eve of the revolution he became a Colonel.

In February 1917 Kutepov received a long-awaited vacation and arrived in Petrograd. It is noteworthy that he was the only officer of his rank (Colonel), who attempted to stop the spontaneous uprising of the capital, and ended with the abdication of the king. However, the troop was able to collect Kutepova was too small and in the background of dissatisfied Petrograd masses of citizens.

Again on the front

After the February revolution, the officer returned to the army. In April, he led the life-guard Preobrazhensky regiment. By the time this formation was almost the only efficient connection at the front. The remaining part decomposed under the action of the anti-war and revolutionary propaganda.

Meanwhile, the regiment took part in Tarnopol breakthrough. During this operation, 7 July 1917 Kutepov again distinguished himself in battle near the village of Mshana. For his exploits he received the order of St. George 3rd degree. In the Preobrazhensky regiment Alexander Kutepov has become synonymous with determination, devotion to duty and selfless service to the Motherland.

The South

With the coming to power of the Bolsheviks army, which fought with Germany and Austria-Hungary finally collapsed. In December 1917 Kutepov left the front and went to Kiev. In "mother of Russian cities,” he enlisted in the Volunteer army. The active phase of the civil war has not started yet. Opponents have built their strength and preparing for the bloodshed.

The End of 1917-beginning of 1918 the future of General Kutepov spent in Taganrog, where he became head of the local garrison. There he had to fight with the red guards. In January 1918, white was able to break the Pro-Bolshevik troops in clash of Matveyev Kurgan. According to the recollections of commander Anton Denikin, it was the first major battle of the civil war.

It Should be noted that between him and Kutepov was a set of ideological disputes. Denikin was set quite liberal, while Alexander has always been distinguished staunch monarchist views. However, despite differences about the appropriate nature of power, Kutepov has always supported the commander-in-chief in military matters.

Against the Bolsheviks

From the beginning, all the officers service in the white army was extremely difficult and exhausting. The apotheosis of the inhuman conditions of warfare became “Icy” the campaign in the Kuban (February-may 1918). In thisKutepov operation was headed by one of the companies the officers of the regiment. In April he proceeded to the command of the Kornilov regiment, then – first infantry division.

In November, Alexander became a major General. On the eve of the white army took Novorossiysk, and Denikin, Kutepov was appointed military Governor of the black sea. This choice seemed to much strange, as the captain had never before had a bearing on the civil governance.

New post, the officer was engaged in restoring strict order. His uncompromising measures against the enemies of white power became known as the “Cutaia”. The military Governor was responsible for the security of Novorossiysk and stability of supply, established by foreign allies. When this port became the main base of support of the white movement. Kutepov organized a new headquarters and made him the head of Nicholas de robertis. He became the right hand of Alexander Pavlovich and by his military orders.

At the head of «color» regiments

In January 1919, the well-known Russian General headed the 1st army corps, which operated in the Donets basin. Winter and spring went to the regrouping of forces and the defense of Eastern Ukraine. This was the period of greatest tension of all forces of the Volunteer army.

Denikin's Relations with many colleagues left much to be desired (especially nervousness differed his relationship with Wrangel). Therefore, the commander has delegated Kutepova (by rank not the chief warlord) more power. In particular, Denikin gave him “colored” shelves – the core of the guard of the White army.

The Choice is due to the fact that Kutepov had a reputation as an Executive and diligent warriors, absolutely not interested in politics. And it was true. While some shared a skin of not killed bear and discussed the political future liberated from the Bolsheviks of Russia, General did their difficult frontline work.

The Last stage of the civil war

The Captain once again showed his outstanding quality during the Kharkov operation. For military distinction he was promoted to Lieutenant General. Soon began the onset of the Volunteer army in Moscow. In the campaign for the see of the capital of General Kutepov commanded a corps, which reached the eagle. Then, the operation petered out and was followed by a retreat to distant Novorossiysk. Despite defeat after defeat Russian General was able to maintain the combat readiness of its subordinate volunteer divisions – Markov, Kornilov, Alexeyev and Drozdowski.

In the Spring of 1920 Kutepov was in the Crimea, where Baron Wrangel appointed him commander of one of the last of the white buildings. At the head of this formation, the officer was fighting with the whole of Northern Tavria. Despite the efforts of Alexander Pavlovich and other prominent generals of the white movement, the Bolsheviks continued their offensive. In November 1920, Kutepov was evacuated from the Crimea.

Emigration

The White guard General Kutepov, biography which is a typical example of their homeland, the enemy of Soviet power, at first stopped at Gallipoli. It combines all the survivors of the army of Wrangel. In December 1921 Kutepov, along with his body turned up in Bulgaria. Local authorities arrested him and expelled from the country. The warlord moved to Yugoslavia, where he became assistant commander in chief of the Russian army.

In 1924, General Kutepov and his wife Lydia librarian Cut settled in Paris. The officer began to serve the Grand Duke Nicholas, which most of the white emigration was considered the head of the exiled house of Romanov. Great-uncle of the last Russian Tsar appointed the famous officer Chairman of the EMRO-Russian Military Union.

What he was doing in his new status Alexander Kutepov? The General has established communication with the secret anti-Soviet organizations operating in the territory of the USSR. It is hoped that they will be able, if not to overthrow the Bolsheviks, then at least make their power a lot of problems. However, the plan Kutepova from the very beginning was a failure.

Death

“anti-Soviet organization” turned out to be a cell created by the KGB specifically for tracking down and elimination of the active leaders of the Russian emigration in Europe. The most serious failure Kutepova was his collaboration with “Trust” which was conducted by the OGPU.

26 January 1930, Alexander Pavlovich was abducted by agents of Soviet intelligence. The daring operation was made in Paris. Ever since that day and considered the day of death Kutepova, although the circumstances of his further fate remains controversial among historians. In the Soviet era, information about the white guard General came under the fretboard “secret”.

Until 1989 that has information about what Kutepov died on the Bolshevik steamer carrying him to Novorossiysk. It is believed that the officer died of a heart attack (perhaps his reason was the excessive dose of morphine, introduced by the kidnappers). According to another version, the white guard was taken to Moscow, where he disappeared in the Lubyanka.

Memory

Today there is at least one monument to General Kutepov. It is located on thethe main Russian cemetery in Paris, the Sainte-geneviève-des-Bois. Near him was erected a Cenotaph of General. In the grave there is no remains, it performs a symbolic function.

The Captain did not leave memoirs, but this made him many of his contemporaries and comrades in the civil war and emigration. A collection of memories about the General was published in Russia in the 2000s, the Publication demonstrates who actually was a half-forgotten compatriots Alexander Pavlovich Kutepov. Quotes of his speeches on front and crucial conversations with colleagues of the white army are a unique mural of the events of the Russian time of troubles.