Subleukemic myelosis is the most benign variant of chronic leukemia

Subleukemic myelosis is one of the representatives of the group of slow chronic leukemias, in which the cause of the disease is the pathological changes in the cells, the predecessor of myelocyte. Simultaneously with the violations of the process of maturation of the hematopoietic cells in this disease develop reactive fibrous-sclerotic lesions in bones with accompanying compression of the bone marrow and proliferative changes in the spleen and liver. That is why subleukemic myelosis relates to myeloproliferative leukemia.

Causes of myelofibrosis and variants of the disease

In the vast majority of cases, this disorder occurs in patients who are 50 years and older, so a specific value is attached to genetic failures in nuclear material stem cell precursors, autoimmune disorders, viral infections. Morphological substrate mieloza is a change in all three shoots blood – granulocytic, and erythroid megakaryocytes. It is from the severity of these disorders depends on the severity of disease and prognosis.

In the vast majority of cases subleukemic myelosis is actually fairly benign, and there is a direct correlation between patient age at the time of onset of the disease and prognosis-the younger the patient, the more severe myelofibrosis. In the terminal stage of the disease, which may develop after 5 to 15, and even 20 years after the identification of early symptoms, patients having blast crises. Then the disease takes on the features of acute leukemia in peripheral blood appears a large number of blasts. Symptoms of this disease are development of  fever, symptoms of intoxication, anemic and hemorrhagic syndrome. Often increased spleen and liver. Some patients may experience some rapid progression of the disease with early onset of syndrome of bleeding and anemisation of the patient.

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Clinical picture subleukemic mieloza

Often patients suffer from severe weakness, heaviness in the abdomen, which increases with movement and especially after eating (it is due to a significant increase in spleen and liver). There are complaints of headache, pain in bones and spine. Very rarely in the terminal stage of the disease the patient may develop severe violations of sensitivity. A doctor must exclude funicular myelosis – a pathological condition of the nervous system that occur when some of megaloblastic anemia. This condition often occurs with anemia that occurs in patients with insufficient intake of vitamin B12 in the body.

In addition, it is often thrombosis, the cause of which is getting an increased number of platelets in peripheral blood is generally blood clotting disorder.The latter can be attributed to morphological immaturity, even from a sufficiently large number of platelets. Sooner or later, thrombocytosis leads to the development of splenomegaly, but the spleen is beginning to break down not only platelets, but red blood cells that causes anemia.

The Program of examination of patients and treatment options

The Diagnosis of "Subleukemic myelosis" should not be on the basis of clinical blood analysis, and the results or sternal puncture trepanobiopsy of the Ilium. Changes in the blood largely non-specific and only identify the increased or reduced number of red blood cells and change their percentage can not be diagnosed "Subleukemic myelosis".

Treatment of disease also depends on the condition of the bone marrow and the disorders of the bone. In some cases, dynamic observation of the patient, whereas the rapidly progressing myelofibrosis requires the appointment of chemotherapeutic drugs.

In the terminal stage of the disease, in some cases, it is necessary to conduct radiation therapy, a massive purpose of chemotherapy in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, her spleen – but in each case of the disease treatment patient has to appoint a qualified hematologist.