Removing stones from bladder: types of operations and features

Currently, kidney stone disease – one of the most common pathologies. According to statistics, 50% of patients seeking help suffer from this disease. In cases where conservative treatment is powerless, the doctor decides on the surgery to remove stones from the bladder. In medical terms this surgery is called costoletta.

Urolithiasis: causes, symptoms

This pathology can occur in individuals of any age. The disease is characterized by the formation of rocky compounds in the bladder, kidneys or ureters.

At present there is no unified picture of the mechanism of development of disease, also remain to be elucidated the reasons for its appearance.

However, it is proved that the trigger factors of the disease are:

• Inflammatory processes in the organs of the urinary system;
• Some medications;
• An unbalanced diet;
• Irregular physical activity or lack thereof;
• Poor quality of water consumed;
• The deficiency of vitamins A and group b;
• Poor working conditions;
• Metabolic disorders;
• Chronic diseases of the digestive system;
• Dehydration;
• Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and bladder.

Every patient's disease is different. Someone forgets about it after the removal of stones from the bladder, for someone it takes a chronic nature with periods of exacerbation.

The Main symptoms of pathology are the following:

1. Renal colic, manifested in the form of unbearable pain. It is localized mainly in the lumbar region and does not disappear after a change of body position. It can also occur in the abdomen and to give in the groin.
2. Feeling cramps or burning sensation when urinating.
3. Fever.
4. Cloudy urine, often mixed with blood.

At an early stage the disease may be asymptomatic. As a rule, in this case, the concretions are detected accidentally during scheduled physical examination. Depending on their type and size, the doctor will prescribe either conservative treatment or makes a referral to the hospital, where be underwent surgery.

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Indications and contraindications to Catholicate

Remove stones from the bladder expeditious way is assigned mainly with the ineffectiveness of medication therapy.

In addition, the indications for surgery are:

1. Acute urinary retention. This condition in which bother a strong urge, but to empty the bladder one cannot.
2. Increase the number of red blood cells in urine.

Surgical intervention is not performed if there are violations of the patency of the urethra (men) or infectious disease of the bladder. Also contraindications are pregnancy and the presence of tumors in the body.

Preparation

Before the operation to remove stones from the bladder need to pass urine and a blood test.

In Addition, you must pass the following tests:

1. Ultrasound of the vesical triangle. This land, located in the region of the bottom of the body. It is of great diagnostic value, as it is in this area frequently develop inflammatory processes.
2. Spiral CT. One of the most informative methods of research. With its help, the doctor gets a complete picture about the structure of the bladder and all diseases of the body. Essence of method lies in layer-by-layer scanning, the result of which is a two - or three-dimensional image.
3. IVP. Allows to assess the degree of kidney function. This person introduce a special substance, and then make a picture using radiographic equipment.

If the results of all studies revealed no contraindications, the patient goes to surgery.

Transurethral method of conducting Catholicate

This method remove stones from the bladder is one of the endoscopic interventions. He is the most gentle and is applied in practice most often. Its essence consists in the following: operating channel of the cystoscope (it can be looped or stone baskets of the species) is introduced into the bladder, captures the stones of small size, and leadeth them out.

The Large rocks must be crushed. This process is called cystolithotripsy.

It can be of 2 types:

• Contact;
• Remote.

In the first case, not only introduced a transurethral cystoscope, and lithotripter. It affects the energy flow of the stone, shattering it into tiny pieces, which are then easily removed from the body.

Remote cystolithotripsy in practice is used less frequently because of low performance indicator. It is held as follows: the apparatus is placed outside the human body, which then starts the process of generating shock waves, which affects only stones, without adverse effects on soft tissues.

Remove stones from the bladder in both men and women is carried through the urethra.

Outdoor way of carrying out Catholicate

Abdominal surgery – is a surgical intervention that is assigned in cases when there are concretions of large size cannot be crushed and removed with a cystoscope.

After a General anaesthetic, the surgeon makes an incision with a scalpel in the area above the pubis. Once access to the bladder is received, and the doctor reveals. It is also carried out through the incision. After inspecting the cavity of the bladder, the surgeon removes the stones, and then sews him and the wound.

The Open method is the most aggressive. After surgery, implying the removal of stones from the bladder, and in women and in men, complications can occur. To reduce the likelihood of their occurrence it is necessary to use only proven medical institutions to high level professionals.

Rehabilitation

After the removal of stones from the bladder, each patient receives recommendations the observance of which allows to reduce the duration of recovery to a minimum. In addition, decreases the likelihood of complications.

The Standard include the following:

1. Drink plenty of liquids. The fluid flowing into the body to clean the bladder wall and helps to eliminate tiny particles of stones, if they had been crushing.
2. Lack of physical activity. It is necessary that the wall of the bladder and stomach became stronger. The next day after surgery allowed to walk a few minutes in the hospital corridor.
3. Diet. The diet should consist only of those foods that are easily digested. Cooked food should be liquid or puréed consistency.

If these recommendations are followed, the recovery period is significantly reduced.

Possible complications

After any surgical intervention, there is a small likelihood of negative consequences. After removal of stones in bladder function may be impaired. Usually, this manifests itself in the form of difficult urination. It bothers a short time, but in some cases may acquire a prolonged character.

Other possible complications:

• The bleeding (it may appear like immediately after the surgery and a few days);
• Infectious diseases
• Hernia;
• Fistula;
• Urosepsis.

If you experience any of these States are shown by drug therapy. If it doesn't bring any visible results, shows emergency surgery.

It Should be noted that most complications occur after the intervention in an open way.

Cost

The Operation in public hospitals and private clinics. As to how much is removal of stones from the bladder, it is necessary to specify in the chosen institution. In some public hospitals abdominal surgery is free of charge (subject to insurance policy) or for a minimal cost (about 1 thousand rubles). The average price of removing stones from the bladder in Russia-15 thousand rubles. In most cases, surgery is performed transurethral method.

In conclusion

Upon detection of rocky compounds in the bladder of the patient, the doctor prescribes medication. If therapy is unsuccessful, surgical intervention. The removal of stones is done in two ways: open and transurethral. The latter is preferable because the operation is less traumatic. The likelihood of complications is minimized. Abdominal surgery is performed if the stones are too large and cannot be split.