Posture: types, causes, treatment and prevention

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2018-04-02 09:28:22

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The Spine is the inner frame. He carries support, motor, shock-absorbing, protective functions. Violation of these functions occurs when the spine deformities. To get them back, you need to deal with prevention and timely treatment of spinal curvature. Pathology deals with the orthopedist, neurologist and vertebrologist. Depending on the cause of the curvature and presence of comorbidities. Normally it has some twists in every Department, which are located in the sagittal plane (when viewed from the side).

The Physiological curves of the vertebral column

  • Cervical and lumbar lordosis. Are formed in the process of physical development of the child that increases his physical ability (starts to hold his head and sit). Are the anterior convexity of the spine.
  • Thoracic and sacral kyphosis are formed in utero, the baby is already born with them. Submitted by the bulge in the back.

spinal deformity

In the frontal plane spine line passes on the center axis of the body. Active and proper retention of the body in space is posture. Deformity of the spine leads to the development of pathological posture and Vice versa.

Types of disease

What are the different types of spinal deformity? That often disturbs modern man? In the frontal plane, scoliosis. This curvature of the spine relative to the median line to the right or left. In the sagittal plane, an increase in the arc of the physiological curves (hyperlordosis, Hyper-kyphosis), the disappearance or reduction curves (flat back) and the combined curvature, combining two directions (lordoscoliosis, kyphoscoliosis).

Why is the distortion?

Causes the deformation of the spine can wear congenital and acquired character. Congenital etiology is associated with pathology of the vertebrae:

  • Hypoplasia structural components.
  • Extension elements.
  • The Fusion of adjacent vertebral bodies.
  • Nezareatmene arcs.
  • Wedge-shaped form.

scoliosis is

Causes of acquired deformities of the spine can be:

  • Systematically incorrect posture.
  • Rickets (impaired balance of calcium in the body, bones become fragile).
  • Tuberculosis of the spine.
  • Polio.
  • Osteoporosis and osteodystrophy.
  • Cerebral palsy.
  • Injuries, hernias and tumors of the spine.
  • Pleural Effusion - pathology of the respiratory system with severe pain. Usually affects one side on which the patient lies. The load on the spine in the thoracic region is uneven, warping occurs.
  • Shortening of one lower limb - the load is distributed unevenly.
  • The Lack of one hand or foot and as a consequence the imbalance.
  • Poor muscle array, which is not able to resist the curvature of the spine.
  • Mental disorders (depression, constantly drooping shoulders and head).

Curvature of the spine can affect any Department.

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Deformity of the cervical spine

  • Torticollis pathology, in which there was a head tilt in one direction and rotation of the neck to another.
  • Kyphosis - curvature of the neck posteriorly. This is a rare occurrence.
  • Lordosis - increased physiological bending. Neck forward, shoulders rounded, stoop develops.

Causes of congenital torticollis:

  • Irregular intrauterine position of the fetus;
  • Birth injuries;
  • A spasm or shortening of the neck muscles;
  • Congenital disorder of the cervical vertebrae (the disease of Klippel-feil);
  • Rotary subluxation of the 1st cervical vertebra.

strain cervical spine

The causes of acquired deformities of the cervical spine:

  • Installation torticollis is when the child takes long-term wrong position in bed;
  • Compensatory - inflammatory diseases of ear, suppurative processes in the neck (the child spares the patient the side and tilts her head in a healthy);
  • Fracture, dislocation or subluxation of the first cervical vertebra;
  • Osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, tertiary syphilis, collapse vertebrae, is the axial deformation of the skeleton.

Treatment of torticollis

Conservative methods:

  • Massage
  • Therapeutic exercises;
  • Treatment status;
  • Physical therapy;
  • Water treatments in the pool with the use of the circle for newborns;
  • Wearing a collar that secures the cervical spine in the correct position.

Surgical treatment is performed in case of absence of effect from conservative.

  • Myotonia - dissection of the muscles of the neck;
  • Plastic (lengthening the muscle).

Kyphosis and lordosis are treated with conservative methods (physical therapy, massage, medical pain relief, removal of muscle spasm).

Disorders of the thoracic

Kyphosis accompanied by deformation in the form of strengthening the physiological bending. Occurs abnormal bending backwards with the formation of a round back. More common acquired kyphotic deformity of the spine.

Causes of thoracic kyphosis:

  • Weakness of the muscle corset, which is not time to be formed after the rapid growth of the child.
  • Early rickets (1 year) - affects the lumbar and thoracic. The deformity disappears in the supine position (flow warping). The intensity of pathological bending is exacerbated whenthe child sits and stands on his feet.
  • Late rickets (5-6 years) - develop a fixed kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis.
  • Osteochondropathy occurs age 12-17 years. Suffer more often than boys. In the medical world a disease called Chairman Mau. Dystrophic changes in the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. Is the fixed wedge-shaped deformity of the spine.

Treatment of thoracic kyphosis

Rachitic deformity treated conservatively: swimming, vitamin therapy, exercise therapy, pine baths, massage, wearing a special three-point corset. The disease can disappear without a trace.

kyphotic spinal deformity

Youthful kyphosis is treated comprehensively as massage, special exercises to strengthen the muscle corset, medical improvement of the trophism of bones and joints. Often it is necessary to apply surgical methods of treatment: various types of instrumental fixation of the spine.

Deformation lumbar

Lordosis - curvature of the spine with formation of a bulge in the front. The therapy is based on the disease that caused the curvature. Use the traction, special styling of the patient, physiotherapeutic procedures, physiotherapy exercises and courses restorative massage.

Causes of lumbar lordosis:

  • Deformation to compensate for rachitic and tuberculous kyphosis;
  • Sprains of the hips, which originated in the birth process;
  • Contractures of the hip joints.

Scoliosis

The Scoliotic deformation of the spine can affect any level of the spine of the ridge and hit a few departments, causing S-shaped curvature. The disease is more prone to girls prepubertal period.

  • Congenital scoliosis is associated with the presence of the merger of several vertebrae, plus the presence of a vertebral anomaly of the structural components of the vertebrae. Common in kids under the age of 1 year. Progressing slowly jog lines not expressed.
  • Dysplastic scoliosis is formed in pathological development of the lumbosacral. Detected at the age of 9-11 years and progresses rapidly. Line curvature is observed in the lumbar.
  • Scoliosis neurogenic character develops as a result of polio, syringomyelia, muscular dystrophy. The mechanism of development is associated with lesions of the motor spinal roots. Develops functional insufficiency of muscles. In parallel degenerative changes in the spine.
  • Rachitic scoliosis. As a result of violations of calcium metabolism bone tissue becomes soft. For static loads there is an increase in the physiological curves. When the wrong position of the body in space quickly formed scoliosis.
  • Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common deformity of the spine. Is a multifactorial disease: violation of the rate of growth of the spine, neuromuscular insufficiency, active period of growth in children and increase in physiological loads on the skeleton. There is a disorder of endochondral bone formation in vertebrae with subsequent development of osteoporosis and spinal disorders.

In 1965 V. D. Chaklin radiologically allocated 4 degrees of spinal deformity in scoliosis

  • 1st degree - 5-10 degrees;
  • Degree 2 - 11-30;
  • 3rd degree - 31-60;
  • The 4th degree - more than 61 degrees.

scoliotic deformity of the spine

The Clinical manifestations of scoliosis:

  • 1-th degree in the standing position it is noted the weakness of the muscles and of the abdominal wall, different levels of shoulders, the corners of the blades are located at different levels, asymmetry triangles waist. In the thoracic noticeable curvature in the lumbar is on the opposite side of the muscular seal, which is also visible when the enclosure is tilted forward. On x-ray no evidence of rotation of the vertebrae. The basin is located in the horizontal plane. In the supine position marked weakness of the abdominal muscles.
  • 2-nd degree visually indicated by the S-shaped curvature of the spine. There is a rotation of the thoracic vertebrae, the deformation of the chest. The sample with the slope shows the protrusion of the ribs on one side or muscles of the lower back. The progression goes on, until the child grows.
  • 3-th degree is determined by the severe deformation of the skeleton. Clearly visible rib hump and pelvic imbalance. Shoulder line coincides with the line of the pelvis. Compressed by the venous plexus of the spine. May be a violation of the respiratory system.
  • 4-th class there is a heavy degree of deformation of the whole body. Growth stops, the relationship is disturbed internal organs. Compression of the spinal cord leads to the development of paresis. On radiographs revealed a wedge-shaped vertebrae.

Scoliosis is a serious disease that can lead to permanent disability (invalidity).

Treatment of scoliosis

Deformity of the spine in children should be detected in the initial stages. In such cases you will need only correction of posture, exercise, swimming, organization of proper working space, the maintenance of adequate regime of work and rest, proper nutrition.

Non-surgical treatment is aimed at the fixation of the spine in the correct position with the help of wearing corrective corsets, workout back muscles and abdominals. In the baby's room should bea bed with a firm mattress and orthopedic pillow.

causes of spinal deformity

The Second degree are treated conservatively, with the progression of the process children are sent to specialized sanatoria. Is a planned course of non-operative treatment in the Department of orthopedics. Using the method of traction with the use of lateral traction. This treatment lasts 2-4 months. Traction is often preoperative in 3rd and 4th stage. The achieved level of correction is fixed quickly with the help of special tools.

Indications for surgery

  • Aesthetic defect, which concerned adult or parent of a young patient.
  • Angle of curvature more than 40 degrees, but incomplete growth.
  • Any deformity greater than 50 degrees.
  • Persistent neurological complications and pain.
  • Deformation associated with impaired cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Surgical treatments

There are 3 ways: operation with front access, rear and combined. The essence of operations is to introduce to the spine structures, which can be static or mobile. The dynamic advantages of the implant: it can be adjusted, ensuring the proper growth of the child, and allows you to do sports. The design is not visible externally and can be used in the treatment of severe spinal deformities in adults. It allows you to fix the curvature and stop his progress.

Prevention of spinal curvature

  • Early detection of congenital curvatures of the spine (inspection orthopedist in the nursing home conducted at 1, 3, 6 months and a year) and their correction.
  • Identification of acquired deformities in preschool and school age, for medical examinations and the application of appropriate measures for their correction.
  • Control of your posture. Since childhood, children should be taught to keep the back straight. School should be school desks-adjustable height Desk and chair. During operation it is necessary to make small breaks with walking, to avoid static loads on the spine.
  • Timely identification of rickets, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis and appropriate treatment.
  • Preventive courses of General massage for passive strengthening the muscular corset.
  • Exercise to strengthen the back muscles and the press.
  • Swimming.
  • In the absence of the limbs should solve the issue of prosthetics.
  • The Wearing of orthopedic shoes for different leg lengths.
  • When lifting weights, you need to evenly distribute the load on both halves of the body.

deformation of the lumbar spine

  • Eat Right, food should be balanced in terms of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. To avoid overeating and weight gain, which serves as an additional factor in the development of spinal deformities.
  • Avoid long position in the same position, have the physical flexing.
  • Arrange the correct mode of sleep. The bed should be hard, and the pillow better to buy an orthopedic in a special salon.
  • If the blurred vision should consult an eye specialist (low vision people can take a forced position, stretch your neck and accentuate the cervical lordosis).
  • Fight depression and apathy.
  • Take precautions to prevent injuries.
  • Time to treat the herniation, degenerative disc disease, spinal tumors.

Prompt treatment can completely eliminate the spinal deformity.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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