The first flu-like symptoms: diagnosis and prevention

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2018-04-02 13:26:27

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The article will examine the symptoms of flu in adults. What is the pathology, what is she dangerous?

Influenza is an acute viral respiratory infection that is caused by viruses such as “A”, “In” and “C”. The disease manifests itself in the form of fever, intoxication and lesions of the epithelial surfaces of upper respiratory tract. The flu was included in the category of acute ENT infections. The greatest danger is infected with influenza a patient presents in the first six days of onset. The path of infection with influenza - aerosol. The duration of illness does not usually exceed one week. But may experience a variety of complications such as otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, cystitis, myositis, pericarditis, in addition, hemorrhagic syndrome. Especially dangerous is the flu for moms-to-be as it can lead to threats abortion. Learn more about flu symptoms, diagnosis and prevention will be described below.

flu symptoms in adults

History of disease

The Flu has long been known to mankind. The first epidemic of this disease occurred in the sixteenth century. At that time people did not know anything about the nature of the disease. Respiratory disease was called the Spanish flu, which was called the epidemic of severe influenza. On the background of the disease in those days there was a tremendous mortality rate, which occurred almost immediately. It is worth noting that even in young, healthy people, there was pneumonia with pulmonary edema.

The Viral nature of the disease was established only at the beginning of the last century. Then the scientists realized that the specific virus may affect the respiratory tract. In the early twentieth century experiments were conducted on hamsters which are infected with the flu. Then it became clear that the causative agent is a virus of the type “And”. Later became known two kinds of flu: “In” and “C”.

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The influenza Virus is poorly resistant to the effects of chemical and physical factors. In just a few hours it can deteriorate at room temperature. But at low temperature, for example, at -25 °C, it can be preserved for several years. It usually kills the dryness along with heat and ultraviolet light. He also can not withstand the effects of chlorine with ozone.

Symptoms of the flu can be very unpleasant. More on this below.

Basic concept and characteristic of disease

Influenza Virus type “And” can affect people and some animals. Types “In” and “C” multiply only in the human body. The flu virus may be characterized by a high level of antigenic variability, which is more typical for a type “And”. The nature of antigenic polymorphism contributes to the emergence of frequent epidemics, along with the repeated incidence during the season, which makes it impossible to develop a sufficiently reliable group prevention. The flu virus is unstable and dies quite easily in the case of increasing the temperature to sixty degrees. Also, he dies under the influence of chemical disinfectants. When a 4-degree temperature the virus can remain viable up to three weeks.

The Immediate reservoir and source of infection acts of a sick man with obvious clinical manifestations or erased by the type of infection. The maximum nature of the selection of this virus observed in the first six days of the disease. The contagiousness depends on the severity of the catarrhal symptoms, in addition, the concentration of infection in the secret of the mucosa of the respiratory tract.

influenza symptoms and treatment

The flu Virus “And” can also distinguish diseased pigs horses and birds. One of the modern theories suggested that a role in the process of the spread of the flu virus on a global scale play, first of all, migratory birds from mammals. They are the reservoir of infection, contributing to the development of strains that are able to continue to infect a person.

The Mechanism of transmission of such diseases as influenza, as noted earlier, is the aerosol. Thus, this virus can spread through airborne droplets. Its excretion is saliva and phlegm while coughing or sneezing, as well as on the background of the conversation. Infection, having the form of a fine aerosol into the air, then inhaled by other people. In some situations, it is not excluded the implementation of household method of transmission of the disease. For example, this can occur through utensils or children's toys. Why flu symptoms appear in humans?

The Natural susceptibility of people to this virus is extremely high, especially for new serotypes. Children who are breastfeeding, can receive unwanted antibodies from the mother and very often immunity does not protect against further development of the infection. The prevalence of such virus like the flu is widespread and frequent breakouts. Emerging epidemics often reach a global scale. Let us now consider how the symptoms of influenza.

Symptoms pathology

The Incubation period of this disease ranges usually from several hours to four days, beginningpathology, mostly acute, and directly over it can be in mild, moderate or severe form with complications or without them. The clinical picture of influenza represent the three main symptomatic complex: intoxication, Qatar and hemorrhaging.

The manifestation of the intoxication syndrome occurs within the first hours of the disease, the temperature may rise up to forty degrees, and will be observed chills with headaches, dizziness and General weakness. There may also be other flu-like symptoms - myalgia moderate character and arthralgia with convulsions and impaired consciousness. The degree of intensity of intoxication syndrome usually develops the severity of uncomplicated forms of influenza and can vary within very wide limits, ranging from the appearance of moderate malaise, ending an intense febrile reaction, vomiting, convulsions and mental confusion, delirium. The symptoms and treatment of flu are interrelated.

Fever often takes place in stages, and symptoms usually begin to subside on the seventh day of the disease. During the examination in the febrile period, patients say giperosmolarnosti person along with hyperthermia and dryness of the skin, detects a tachycardia, it is likely a slight decrease in pressure. A catarrhal character of symptoms appears some time after the development of intoxication (this condition may be poorly expressed or absent). Patients may complain of the appearance of dry cough with discomfort and soreness in the throat, and, in addition, in the nasopharynx. It also appears the cold. It is not excluded manifestation of clinic laryngitis or bronchitis, which will be expressed in hoarseness and squeezing behind the breastbone in the background of the increasing dry intensity, strained cough. During the inspection sometimes there is slight hyperemia of the pharynx. But the main symptom of the flu – temperature.

Ten percent of cases, flu contributes to the development of hemorrhagic symptoms. Against that catarrhal manifestations join in addition, small hemorrhages in the area of the mucosa of the oropharynx, along with bleeding from the nose, with the development of severe hemorrhages not eliminated progression to acute edema of the lung. The flu is usually not accompanied by symptoms of activity of organs of small pelvis and abdominal cavity. But in case if this hospital is still the place, it will be primarily neurogenic in nature. The symptoms of swine flu in humans will be discussed below.

swine flu symptoms

The Intestinal disorders against the flu in children at an early age is associated with the development of intoxication syndrome. The diarrhoea in influenza in adult patients, most likely, will speak about the presence of chronic diseases of the digestive system, which was provoked by the aggravation of infection. The total duration of the disease there are on average no more than five days. In a subsequent period, sometimes for several days can be maintained General asthenia. In medical practice there were cases of occurrence of abnormal leakage of influenza. Next, find out what are the possible complications on the background of this pathology.

Signs of different types of flu

First, consider the symptoms of swine flu are:

  • Different severe intoxication, manifested suddenly.
  • Pyrexia – high body temperature.
  • Headache sharp character, intense.

What are the symptoms of swine flu are possible?

  • Problems in the respiratory system – the patient is tormented by a dry cough.
  • Weakness, accompanied by aches throughout the body.
  • Feeling of compression of the lungs – severe pain in the chest, inability to take a deep breath and exhale.

The Symptoms of bird flu are similar to regular flu. It is characterized by fever, intoxication and catarrhal symptoms. In case of hypertoxic forms of influenza affects not only the lungs, can occur toxic shock, resulting in swelling of the brain, kidney, liver, gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea, vomiting).

The Symptoms and treatment of intestinal flu in adults many people are interested in.

Shows a sharp rise in temperature, diarrhea, vomiting. But perhaps gradual onset-weakness, malaise. The next day, joined by the intestinal symptoms. Symptoms of intestinal flu in adults can be erased: abdominal pain, rumbling, loss of appetite, mild weakness.

Diarrhea with intestinal flu occurs almost always. Cal will be abundant liquid or pasty, yellow and foul-smelling, frothy. In severe cases, the stool loses fecal character, portions of it are reduced, it becomes green. The body loses large amounts of water and electrolytes in a short period of time can lead to dehydration. Symptoms of intestinal flu in children can manifest this way.

A Similar process for kids is very dangerous, as the volume of fluid in their body less than adults.

The Basis of treatment is fluid replacement and electrolyte balance.

The Symptoms of the Australian influenza H3N2 appear,

  • Weakness, chills, low grade increase in temperature.
  • Increased fever in the evening.
  • Stomach Pain, nausea, and in some cases vomiting.
  • Loss of appetite, discomfort in the throat, problems with swallowing.

Consider also the Hong Kong flu.Its symptoms are similar to other types.

Patients with marked weakness, nausea, headache in frontal area, pain when moving the eyes, insomnia, dry mouth, cough, sneezing, hyperhidrosis, malaise and chills. Body temperature difficult to knock antipyretic drugs. There are myalgia and arthralgia, which affects patients ' condition. Patients are aching lower back, sore eyes.

Australian flu symptoms

The Flu and its complications

The Flu can be complicated by various diseases in the early period (in which case they are often called joined bacterial infections), as well as in the later. Severe complications of the disease is usually found among young children, in addition, in elderly or frail patients who suffer from these or other chronic pathologies of various organs.

Rarely in the presence of severe intoxication, this disease can be complicated by life-threatening condition. We are talking about acute hemorrhagic pulmonary edema. The doctors noted a sharp increase in difficulty breathing along with the cyanosis. It also can stand out frothy bloody sputum. The result of the development of acute pulmonary edema is progressive respiratory failure with hypoxic coma, often leading to death.

The Accession of infection against the flu often contributes to the formation of pneumonia. While light mainly affected staphylococcal or streptococcal form of infection. Pneumonia similar etiologies can occur with a tendency to the destruction of lung tissue, they can also be complicated by bleeding and swelling. Pneumonia may provoke the development of infectious-toxic shock in the body. After suffering of pneumonia patients often remain residual signs in the form of bronchiectasis and pneumosclerosis.

The Flu can contribute to otitis media. Often this insidious disease complicated by sinusitis, sinusitis or frontal sinusitis. Other authorities may be mentioned nephritis, along with pyelocystitis, myositis and inflammation of the heart bag. Complications of the heart against the flu are the main reason for the increase during an outbreak, the frequency of heart attacks. Also as part of the complications of influenza are likely to develop congestive heart failure. The flu is particularly dangerous for women in the position, as it can cause abortion, along with intrauterine death of the fetus.

Diagnosis of flu

The preliminary diagnosis is carried out based on clinical picture and data analyses. This involves procedures aimed at the detection of antigens of influenza virus in a smear of the patient, which is taken in the nasal cavity. Reliable confirmation of this diagnosis is the serological method of diagnosis, which determine the increase of antibody titers using ELISA. In this diagnostic value has a more than fourfold increase.

If you suspect the possible development of pneumonia in patients with influenza may need to consult a pulmonologist along with carrying out x-ray studies of the lungs. In the case of any complications in the activities of ENT organs need inspection Laura with the conduct of rhinoscopy.

Next, find out how is the flu treatment and which drugs doctors consider it appropriate to assign in the treatment of this disease.

intestinal flu symptoms in children

As already mentioned, the symptoms and treatment of influenza are closely related.

Treatment of influenza

The Flu is treated mainly on an outpatient basis. Hospitalitynet only patients with severe or complicated form of infection. In addition, compulsory hospitalization to be patients from orphanages and boarding schools.

At the time of the fever the patient is recommended bed rest along with plenty of fluids, balanced full diet and, of course, vitamins. In the framework of means of etiotropic therapy in the first days of the disease is prescribed is known to all “Rimantadine”. However, this drug has some contraindications, which include patient age to fourteen years of age, pregnancy and renal disease. Later the therapy with antiviral drugs is ineffective. Patients may be prescribed the appointment of the interferons. In addition to the main antiviral treatment, patients require the appointment of vitamin “”, calcium gluconate, rutin, various antipyretics and antihistamines.

The Symptoms and treatment of influenza in children must know all the parents.

Severe pathology in the child often requires the adoption of detoxification measures. In this case, the prescribed infusion solutions “Gemodeza” and “Reopoliglyukina”. To detoxification solutions often adds a “Aminophylline” along with ascorbic acid and ‘Diphenhydramine". In evolving pulmonary edema should increase the dosage of saluretikov thus, intravenously administered "Prednisolone" in addition, necessary measures are being taken intensive treatment. In the case of heart failure should be assignedtiaminpirofosfata with sulfokamfokain acid, also require potassium supplements and magnesium. In parallel, made the necessary correction and internal acid base homeostasis is controlled by a common airway.

flu symptoms temperature

Forecast and prevention of influenza

Mostly the prognosis of this disease is favorable, and the immediate recovery usually occurs within six days. The deterioration of the forecast can cause severe disease in young children and the elderly. For these categories of patients is not possible the development of extremely dangerous complications. Unfavorable is the prognosis during pregnancy as the flu quite often cause it to interrupt.

Currently, measures are being developed for the implementation of specific prevention of this disease. Scientific studies are conducted against the most common strains of the disease. Multiantenna nature of epidemics gives the possibility of using vaccination to fully exclude the possibility of infection with influenza. It should be noted that the sensitized organism much easier can transfer the infection and the risk of severe complications among children immunized is much lower. As for vaccinations, they should be done in a couple of weeks before the expected epidemic period. It must be emphasized that short-term anti-influenza immunity, in this regard, immunization of the body should be done every year.

Prevention

A Total prevention in the period of a mass epidemic, it is assumed the routine of measures aimed at preventing further spread of infection, which is transmitted by airborne droplets. As for personal prevention, it needs to be to avoid contact with sick people. It is also advisable to avoid crowded places. A great measure serve as wearing gauze masks, which cover the airway and prevent the penetration of infection. Not excessive and prophylactic use of antiviral drugs in the event of threats of infection. And, of course, regularly required interventions that should be aimed at strengthening the immune forces.

You need to have information about the symptoms and treatment of influenza in adults.

Treatment and prevention of influenza at home

Many people prefer the treatment of proven popular recipes. One of them is treatment of flu with jam made from pine cones. For this young cones are washed and the whole immersed in a saucepan, then they need to pour cold water. Thus it is necessary to check that the water completely covers the bumps is not less than a couple of inches. Then the mixture is heated on the fire to boil, then add sugar. Take a kilogram of sugar per liter of water. Next the whole mass is boiled for a few hours as long as the bumps don't become crimson in color.

In the process of using jam, you must remember that the concentration of active biological substances in the cones is extremely high, so eat a lot of this natural medicine does not, no matter how delicious the flavor it possessed. For treatment of influenza is enough to eat only three per day. When you do this, eat a spoon of it before eating. This recipe is also suitable for the prevention of this disease.

Hong Kong flu symptoms

One of the most popular treatment is the honey, which is rich in active biological substances. It contains a broad vitamin and mineral complex which replenishes the loss of body against the background of a weakened immune system.

Another useful product in influenza recognized the ginger, which is very rich in various vitamins, also contains a large amino acid complex volatile. On the background of diseases of ginger will help to strengthen your immune system, warm the body and increase its vitality. Diaphoretic property of the product helps to speed up the elimination of toxins, producing the flu virus. Directly anti-inflammatory effects of ginger will greatly facilitate the patient's condition.

With the help of these products you can cook a great cure for the flu. To do this, grind in a blender lemons, add 150 grams of honey and the same of grated ginger, then mixed in a glass container you leave in a cool place, tightly closed lid. The resulting mixture should be taken one spoon a day. This medication will be a great way to not only treat influenza, but its regular preventive maintenance.

We reviewed the flu symptoms in adults and children.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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