Sinusitis: types, symptoms and treatment

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2018-04-02 15:20:26

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Sinusitis – a very common disease. It is characterized by the development of inflammation in the sinuses. Dangerous disease that can quietly flow into the chronic form and also give complications to the eyes, ears, brain, to cause sepsis.

Different types of sinusitis are characterized by different symptoms, have particularly in the methods and treatment regimens. To correctly diagnose the type of disease and adequate ways of dealing with it can only be a doctor.

Cause

In the event of any kind of sinusitis the main causal role played by the blockage of the output lumen of the maxillary sinuses. It leads to internal inflammation and the accumulation of purulent masses.

There are many factors that contribute to the occurrence of such a blockage and precipitating the beginning of the sinusitis:

  • Entering the nasopharynx pathogens, the development in the upper respiratory tract of various infections;
  • Untreated rhinitis;
  • Continuous use of drops from rhinitis;
  • A draft;
  • Trauma to mucosal surfaces of the maxillary sinuses;
  • Cold in the launched form;
  • Immunosuppression;
  • Pharyngitis;
  • Tonsillitis;
  • Long indoors with dried or hot air;
  • Severe hypothermia;
  • Neglected diseases of the roots of teeth near the sinuses;
  • Asthma;
  • Anatomical features and defects of the nasal cavity;
  • Acute respiratory illness and flu;
  • Cystic fibrosis;
  • Polyps, adenoids, some tumors;
  • The underdevelopment of the internal outputs from the nasal cavity (Joan);
  • Allergens
  • Radiation sickness;
  • Fungus;
  • Tuberculosis;
  • Scarlet fever;
  • Measles
  • Inhalation corrosive environments and chemical fumes.

Most Often the disease occurs in autumn and winter. Because at this time there is a natural decrease in immune function because of vitamin deficiencies.

Children up to seven years, the disease occurs because the maxillary sinus in this age have not yet formed.

Characteristics

There are different types of sinusitis. The symptoms associated with the disease, help to determine the etiology of the disease, as well as its form and stage. This is very important in the diagnosis and choice of treatment of disease.

All the signs are conventionally divided into General and local. The first group of symptoms include:

  • Increased body temperature up to thirty-nine degrees;
  • Feeling of weakness;
  • The rapid emergence of fatigue;
  • Pain in the head;
  • Increased sweating
  • Memory loss.

Local signs of sinusitis include:

  • Constant aching pain in the sinuses, worse in the evening and when tilting the head down;
  • Discharge from the nose, his nasal;
  • Violation of smell;
  • Pressure in the nose;
  • Difficulty breathing;
  • Cough.

Stages of development of disease

The Symptoms of sinusitis do not appear simultaneously and sharply. Their intensity changes with time, as the disease develops gradually. Allocate the following stages of its course:

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  • Subacute;
  • Acute;
  • Chronic.

The First signs of sinusitis is most often:

  • Laying the nostrils;
  • Malaise;
  • Sneezing;
  • Runny nose;
  • Twang voice.

Sub-Acute stage of sinusitis is characterized by a significant daily deterioration of the patient. The symptoms manifest themselves with increasing intensity.

Treatment at this stage of the disease very effectively. Because the inflammatory process takes place only in the area of the paranasal sinuses.

In the absence of adequate medical aid to the development of sinusitis passes to the next stage – acute. It is characterized by:

  • Fever;
  • Temperature;
  • Pain in the region of the sinuses;
  • Increased discomfort when head tilts and evening.

When pressed, the pain spread to my eye. Sometimes swollen, red eyelids.

The Acute form of sinusitis lasts from two to three weeks. With timely medical care, the disease is completely cured.

Chronic stage of sinusitis occurs in the case of incomplete cure the disease in the previous step. She has more than erased the symptoms. The main features of this phase are:

  • Constant rhinitis that fails to cure by conventional methods;
  • Pain in the head and eye sockets;
  • Swelling of the eyelids;
  • The occurrence of conjunctivitis;
  • The sense of smell.

During the chronic stage of acute manifestations of the disease alternate with periods of remission. This occurs every three to four months.

In chronic sinusitis in the maxillary sinus undergoing structural changes. The degree of the occurred transformations depends on the duration and complexity of treatment.

What types of sinusitis are: area of spread of disease

The Localization of the inflammatory process may occur in a single sinus, or both. Depending on this there are two types of sinusitis:

  • Unilateral;
  • Reversible.

The First form takes less hard than the second. It is diagnosed more often. Sinusitis can be left and right. It depends on the sinus, which develops inflammation. Local symptoms in this case are observed with only one side of the face.

Bilateral sinusitis is markedly different strength manifestations of the clinical picture and severity. Most often it is treated inthe hospital, as the struggle at home is actually fairly hard.

Classification for sinusitis causes

Types and symptoms of sinusitis are closely interrelated. Symptoms of the disease help determine its etiology. It allows you to choose the correct treatment regimen and to remove the factor causing the progression of the disease. In medicine, each disease having a different origin, received its name.

  • Viral sinusitis – often develops on the background of SARS. Pathogenic microbes get into the upper respiratory tract and cause swelling of the nasal passages and mucous membranes. This causes the appearance of severe rhinitis. The swelling prevents mucus completely off of the nasal cavity. This leads to the development there of the inflammatory process, the beginning of sinusitis. Symptoms when the disease of the virus nature are not too pronounced and painful.
  • Bacterial sinusitis-occurs when the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms in the maxillary sinus. Called by the Streptococcus and Haemophilus sticks. Develops on the background of viral sinusitis in the absence of treatment. The initial stage of the disease has a striking clinical picture – there are severe nasal discharge, high fever, a very bad feeling.
  • Fungal sinusitis – does not occur too often. Mycosis of the paranasal sinuses occurs when the blockage due to the flow of colds due to weakened immunity, when the nasal injury. In the cavity begins to develop a pathogenic fungus or the whole of their Association, which still did not manifest itself. Fungal infections can cause acute and chronic form of sinusitis. Pathology has a prolonged period of development, symptoms long absence.
  • Allergic sinusitis-reaction to external stimuli, penetrated into the body and affecting the mucous membrane of the nose. Typical symptoms are: fever, painful sensations in the region of eyes and cheeks. Often accompanied by a cough, the occurrence of conjunctivitis, keratitis. Special treatment is not required. The symptoms disappear when you eliminate the source causing the allergic reaction.
  • Odontogenic sinusitis-caused due to infection in the sinus from the roots of the upper teeth. The initial stage is characterized by the presence of serous forms of destruction. Include swelling, difficulty breathing. Quickly turns into purulent sinusitis. In the absence of treatment can occur necrosis and severe intoxication.
  • Traumatic sinusitis-occurs as a complication of fractures of the zygomatic and maxilla, causing inflammation of the mucous membranes of the sinus. Is accompanied by headaches, nasal discharge, discomfort, swelling, nasal congestion. The main method of treatment-surgical.
  • Aeroginosa – occurs as a result of the injury of the sinuses due to changes in atmospheric air pressure. The occupational disease of pilots and scuba divers. Is mostly bilateral. Accompanied by difficulty breathing and nasal congestion.
  • Mixed sinusitis-is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of several forms of the disease.

sinusitis types

Classification of the disease according to the morphological changes

The Types sinusitis in adults and children differ not only due to the occurrence of the disease. Disease klassificeret into groups, depending on the changes that occur in the nose.

  • Catarrhal sinusitis – the most easy in terms of treatment. Is characterized by swelling of the sinus mucosa and hyperemia. Accompanied by a clear discharge from the nostrils and a feeling of slight pressure in the nose area.
  • Purulent sinusitis-a dangerous disease. Can lead to blindness, and abscess of the eyeball and intracranial complications. Characterized by discharge from the nose profuse purulent secretions that accumulate in the sinus. In the mucus can be observed bloody streaks.
  • Polypoid sinusitis-is characterized by enhanced growth of the cells lining the nose. Accompanied by congestion, fever, purulent secretions, painful sensations. Often hyperplasia develops only in one nostril. Can be diagnosed the growth of polyps and cysts, the mucous membrane is deformed.

Consequences and complications

Any kind of sinusitis requires urgent treatment in hospital and treatment started. In the absence of timely medical care can lead to various complications and negative consequences. The main ones are:

  • Overflow of the disease in the chronic stage;
  • Problems with the organs of vision;
  • The transition of the inflammatory process on other bodies;
  • Sepsis;
  • Meningitis;
  • Abscess.

sinusitis reviews

Diagnostics

To avoid dangerous consequences, treatment should not only be timely but also effective. This requires proper diagnosis, which can only be performed by a doctor. There are several methods for detecting sinusitis. However, before you conduct each of them, a doctor must conduct a visual inspection of the patient and listen to his complaints.

  • X-ray. Does not require special preparation of the patient. Helps to determine the presence and localization of the inflammatory process (in one or two sinuses). The disadvantage of this methodis that the polypoid form of sinusitis in the photo cannot be determined. Cysts, polyps and tumors in the picture are no different from ordinary edema.
  • Endoscopy. The procedure is performed by introducing into the nostrils of a miniature camera attached to the tube. Allows you to carefully inspect the turbinate and take the tests.
  • Computed tomography. Helps to see a more detailed picture of the sinuses and nasal passages. Is helps to determine the types of diabetes and their treatment. The study provides an opportunity to diagnose the presence of tumors and foreign bodies, the development of chronic forms of the disease, changes in the structure of tissues.
  • MRI. Shows the structural changes in detail. A drawback of the procedure is its high cost.
  • Bacteriological study. Is used to determine the type of infection that caused the disease.

sinusitis types of photo

Drug therapy

Access to a doctor and accurate diagnosis is necessary not only to simply define the correct type of the disease and to exclude other types of sinusitis. The symptoms and treatment are inextricably linked. And the right regimen you can quickly get rid of its manifestations, and soon completely restore the health of the sinuses.

Most types of sinusitis can be successfully treated using the therapeutic techniques. Their purpose is:

  • The output of mucus from the sinuses;
  • Rehabilitation of the nose;
  • Removal of edema;
  • Mild inflammation;
  • Destruction of pathogens.

In most cases, drug therapy copes with all the tasks. For this purpose:

  • Nasal drops;
  • Solutions for washing nose;
  • Antibiotiki;
  • Bacteriophage;
  • Jaroponijatuyu;
  • Protivovospalitelnoe;
  • Mukolitiki.

types of prostatitis and their treatment

Any drug can be administered only by a physician. Quick recovery is possible only if accurate and systematic execution of all instructions of the expert, as well as compliance with the dosages.

Puncture method for the treatment

When purulent form of sinusitis treatment using only medications may not work. For greater efficiency and reduce the risk of complications, doctors performed a lumbar puncture:

  • Using a puncture of the sinus is removed all the pus, washed it;
  • Then there antibiotics are anti-inflammatory drugs.

Sometimes make one prick is not enough. A series of punctures necessary to perform for several weeks. In this case, in the sinuses establish a special catheter. This helps to avoid additional pain for the patient.

Public facilities

In addition to medication, doctors may recommend the use of recipes of alternative medicine. The effectiveness of many folk remedies for sinusitis reviews from doctors and patients better than the drugs. But still, you should use them only in parallel with pharmaceutical drugs, not instead of them.

Most popular:

  • Washing the nose with saline solution;
  • Burying the TUI oil, propolis;
  • Bookmark tampons with leaves of Kalanchoe;
  • Applying compresses with the decoction of Bay leaf;
  • Execution of sogrevaniya salt;
  • The conduct of inhalation with medicinal herbs, potatoes, watermelon.

types of sinusitis symptoms and treatment

Surgery

In severe cases to treat sinusitis can be used surgery. Most often it is used:

  • Traumatic form of sinusitis;
  • In severe chronic forms;
  • When detected in the nasal passages polyps, cysts, neoplasms;
  • In the absence of the effect of the use of therapeutic agents.

sinusitis symptoms

Prevention

There are several rules which will help to reduce the likelihood of acute sinusitis or chronic relapse of the disease. You must:

  • Moisten the air;
  • To do self-massage in maxillary sinus surgery;
  • If you experience discomfort in your nose – blow your nose;
  • To carry out exercises of respiratory gymnastics.

sinus infection types and symptoms

If you avoid the occurrence of symptoms of the disease failed, then the first disturbing manifestations, you should immediately consult a doctor. It is prohibited to treat the sinusitis for reviews from the Internet or the advice of friends. Only a specialist can make the correct diagnosis and define the correct methods of struggle against dangerous illness. It is necessary for a complete and quick victory over him.


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Alin Trodden - author of the article, editor
"Hi, I'm Alin Trodden. I write texts, read books, and look for impressions. And I'm not bad at telling you about it. I am always happy to participate in interesting projects."

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